Biolab Chapter 29

This is a flatworm from Phylum ___, Class ___, Genus ___ (Planaria). The phylum’s name refers to flatworms.

Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Dugesia

The head is considered ___ (anterior/posterior), where the mouth is located on the ___ region (midventral / middorsal). This is different from many bilaterians (organisms that exhibit bilateral symmetry) in which the mouth is usually on the head.

anterior; midventral

The gastrovascular cavity has three main branches (one ___ and two ___ —- anterior/posterior), and the little branches coming off them are called the ___.

anterior; posterior; diverticula

This organism, called ___, has ____ digestion (complete/incomplete); therefore, the waste comes out the ___.

planaria; incomplete; mouth

Planarian does not have a respiratory or a circulatory system. Therefore, its flattened body allows ___ and ___ ___ to diffuse and has a highly branched ___ ___ which helps distributes nutrients.

oxygen; carbon dioxide; gastrovascular cavity

Planarian has two eyespots, which are ____, which means perceives light. It also has two auricles, which are ___ and ___, meaning they detect chemicals and touch.

photoreceptors; chemoreceptors; mechanoreceptors

The eyespot is a ___, and the auricles are both ___ and ___. This makes up the head region, which is responsible for responding to its ___

photoreceptor; chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors; environment

This is a tapeworm in phylum ___, class ___, genus ___.

platyhelminthes; cestoda; taenia

Taenia’s head differ from planarian’s head because a tapeworm’s has a scolex with ___ and ___ for attachment to its host, while a planarian has ___ and ___ for sensory reception.

suckers; hooks; eyespots; auricles

Tapeworms lack a ___ ___ and absorb nutrients directly from its ___. Planarians have an ___ digestive system with a mouth and a ___ cavity.

digestive tract; host; incomplete; gastrovascular

Tapeworms are found in the ___ intestine of their host. It attaches to the host’s intestinal wall using its ___.

small; scolex

The ___ proglottids is more anterior to the scolex. The gravid proglottid is its ___ filled with ___ eggs.

Taenia can reproduce sexually through ___ or ___ fertilization. The genital pore that extends from the side of the proglottid allows ___ transfer.

mature; uterus; fertilized

cross; self; sperm

This is from Phylum ___, Class ___. This specimen is called a ___.

Mollusca; Polyplacophora; Chiton

It has ___ dorsal shell plates. Its foot is ___/___. It uses its ___ to move. It eats using its ___ and ___. It senses using its ___ and ___

8; broad/flat; foot; radula; mouth; tentacles; eyes

Phylum ___, Class ___. Specimen is commonly known as a ___.

Mollusca; Gastropoda; Snail

It has ___ shell, foot is ___/___, uses ___ to move, uses ___ and ___ to eat, and uses ___ and ___ for senses.

one; broad/flat; foot; mouth; radula; tentacles; eyes

This is Phylum ___, Class ___. Common name is clam

Mollusca; Bivalvia

Has ___ shells, has a ___ foot, uses its ___ for movement, uses its ___ and ___ to eat, and uses its ___ and ___ for senses.

2; muscular; foot; mouth; gills; tentacles; eyespots

Name each pink box from left to right

mouth; foot; external gills; incurrent siphon; excurrent siphon

1. Mouth is responsible for ___ intake.

2. Foot is responsible for ___

3. External gills is responsible for ___ ___ and filtering ___ particles from the water

4. Incurrent siphon brings water containing ___ and ___ particles into the clam

5. Excurrent siphon expels ___ and ___ from the clam.

1. food

2. movement

3. gas exchange; food

4. oxygen; food

5. water; waste

Name the green boxes from left to right

stomach; digestive gland; intestine; gonad

Visceral mass of the clam has 4 organs:

1. Stomach ___ the food

2. Digestive gland helps process ___

3. Intestine ___ and further processes ___ contents

4. Produces ___ or ___

1. digests

2. nutrients

3. moves; nutrient

4. sperm or egg

Phylum ___ and Class ___. Common name is squid.

Mollusca; Cephalopoda

Doesn’t have shells but rather an internal ___, its foot is modified into ___/___, uses ___ and ___ to move, uses ___/___ and ___ to eat, and uses ___ to sense.

pen; arms/tentacles; siphon; fins; arms/tentacles; beak; eyes

Name two top structures and then name from left to right on bottom

1. Tentacles and arms
   
   2. beak; eyes; pen; gills

1. Arms are to ___ prey.

2. Tentacles are to ___ to capture prey.

3. Beak is to ___ and ___ food.

4. Eye is for ___

5. Pen is the internal shell that ___ the body

6. Gill is for ___ ___ (to breathe)

1. capture

2. extend

3. bite; tear

4. vision

5. support

6. gas exchange

Phylum ___, Class ___. Common name is earthworm.

Annelida; Oligochaeta

It has visible ___, which are each little ring. It uses ___ for locomotion. Distinguishing feature from other members of Annelida is its ___

metameres; setae; clitellum

Name each structure of the earth worm going up to down

1. Pharynx draws ___ inward

2. Crop ___ stores food

3. Gizzard ___ food

4. Intestine ___ and ___ food.

1. food

2. temporarily

3. grinds

4. digests; absorbs

Phylum ___, Class ___. Genus ___. Commonly known as leech.

Annelida; Hirudiena; Haementeria

Leeches ___ have metameres; uses ___ for movement; and distinguishing features are two ___ and a ___ body.

They are considered ___ (type of parasite) and live in ___.

don’t; suckers; suckers; flattened

ectoparasite; freshwater

Phylum ___, Class ___, Genus ___. Common name is sandworm.

Annelida; Polychaeta; Nereis

Contains visible ___, uses ___ bearing setae for movement, which is its distinctive structure because the other members don’t have that.

metameres; parapodia

Nereis (sandworm) has eyes, which is a ____, and a peristomial cirri, which acts as a ___ and a ___. It also has powerful ___.

photoreceptor; chemoreceptor and mechanoreceptor; jaws

Name each structure from left to right. Also, how many hearts does it have?

Prostomium; mouth; setae; segment; clitellum; metameres; and anus

An earthworm has 5 hearts

1. Prostomium is for ___

2. Mouth is for ___ intake

3. Segments are for ___ and ___

4. Clitellum is for ___

5. Anus is for ___

6. Setae is for ___ and ___

1. sensation

2. food

3. flexibility; movement

4. reproduction

5. waste

6. grip; movement

1. Brain processes ___

2. Pharynx draws ___ into digestive tract

3. Heart (aortic arches) ___ blood

4. Dorsal blood vessel transports blood to the ___ end.

5. Crop temporarily ___ food

6. Gizzard ___ food

7. Intestine ___ food.

8. Septa ___ body segments

9. Nephridia removes ___

1. information

2. food

3. pumps

4. anterior

5. stores

6. grinds

7. digests

8. separates

9. waste

Lophotrochozoa have two definining characteristics, one for its ___ (ciliated tentacles) and for its ___ (ciliated larva)

lophophore; trochophore

Lophotrochozoan has two groups that we looked at: Platyzoa and Trochozoa. Which phylum belongs to each one?

1. Platyzoa - Platyhelminthes

2. Mollusca and Annelida

Endoparasites live ___ its host. An example is ___

Ectoparasites live ___ its host. An example is ___.

inside; Taenia

outside; Haementeria

Cephalization is when ___ organs are ___ tissue is present on the ___ end (anterior/posterior) of an animal. For instance, ___ exhibits this because its eyespots and auricles.

sensory; nervous; anterior; planaria

Eyespot represents a ___, which detects light. Auricles function as ___ and ___, which detect chemicals and touch. This is seen on Dugesia (Planaria), which also has a pharynx located on its ___ portion of the body.

photoreceptor; chemoreceptor; mechanoreceptor; midventral

Genus ___, Class ___, nutrition mode is ___, and it is ___ (free-living or attached).

Gas exchange involves ___ across flat body, reproduces ___ and ___, and features include ___, ___, and incomplete ___.

Dugesia; Turbellaria; chemoheterotroph; free-living

diffusion; sexually/asexually; eyespot; auricles; digestion

Genus ___, Class ___, nutrition mode is ___ and is ___ (free-living or attached?)

Gas exchange is ___ across body surface, reproduces ___ or ___-___, and features include ___, ___, and no ___ tract.

Taenia; Cestoda; parasitic; attached

diffusion; sexually/self-fertilization; scolex; suckers; digestive

Mollusk shells are primarily composed of ___ ___

calcium carbonate

Class ___, is ___ (free-swimming/benthic), has ___ cephalization, has ___ shell plates, and nutritional mode is ___ by scraping algae using a ___

Polyplacophora; benthic (bottom of the ocean floor); no; 8; radula

Class ___, considered ___ (free-swimming/benthic); does ___ cephalization; has ___ shell; nutrition mode is chemoheterotroph by scaping algae using a ___

Gastropoda; benthic; have; one; radula

Class ___, considered ___ (free-swimming/benthic) has ___ cephalization; has ___ shells; and is a ___ feeder

Bivalvia; benthic; no; two; filter

Class ___, considered ___ (free-swimming or benthic), does ___ cephalization; shell is reduced called a ___, and nutritional mode is a ___

Cephalopoda; free-swimming; have; pen; predator

Setae help with movement and anchoring. This was seen in ___ and ___ but lacked in ___.

Oligochaeta; Nereis; Hirudiena

The clitellum, a reproductive structure, was seen in ___ and ___ but it lacks in ___.

Oligochaeta; Hirudiena; Nereis

Nereis belongs to subclass ___, which goes with the notecard that says “Errant polychaete”

Errantia are actively moving worms, Sedentaria are mostly stationary worms

Errantia

Oligochaeta digestion starts at the ___, which takes in food.

The ___ draws food inward and goes down the esophagus.

The ___ stores the food, then the ___ grinds the food.

Finally, the ___ absorbs the food and undigested food comes out the ___.

mouth

pharynx

crop; gizzard

intestine; anus

Oligochaeta exchange ___ during mating, which is stored in the ___ receptacles and fertilization later occurs in a cocoon produced by the ___. This is advantageous because it increases ___ ___

sperm; seminal; clitellum; genetic diversity

Genus ___, Class ___, Nutrition mode is ___, Features include paired ___ with setae, ___ ___, and powerful ___.

Nereis; Polychaeta; predator; parapodia; peristomial cirri; jaws

Genus ___, Class ___, Nutrition mode is ___, Features include ___, lacking ___, lives in ___

Macrobdella (Haementeria); ectoparasite; suckers; setae; freshwater

Genus ___, Class ___, Nutrition mode is ___ (feeding on decaying matter). Features include short ___, and complete ___ tract.

Lumbricus; Oligochaeta; Detritivore; setae; digestive

Phylum Platyhelminthes has ___ symmetry, contains ___ germ layers, have ___ (acoelomate/pseudo) coelom type, considered ___ (monoecious/dioecious).

Dugesia has ___ digestive tract, where it is ___ in Taenia.

bilateral; 3; acoelomate; monoecious

incomplete; absent

Phylum Mollusca has ___ symmetry, has ___ germ layers, has a ___ coelom type, they are mostly ___ (monoecious/dioecious) but some gastropods can be ___. They have a ___ digestive tract.

bilateral; 3; eucoelomate; dioecious; monoecious; complete

Phylum Annelida has ___ symmetry, has ___ germ layers, has ____ coelom type, and has a ___ digestive tract.

Nereis is considered ___, whereas Oligochaeta and Hirudiena are considered ___.

bilateral; 3; eucoelomate; complete

dioecious; monoecious