AQA Geography changing places

Space

Somewhere that is unknown, unfamiliar, a place without meaning.

Place

Defined as a location with meaning. Places can be meaningful to individuals or at a social/cultural level.

Sense of place

The personal and emotional attachment to a place(what it means to you).

Lived experience

The personal understanding of a place gained through daily life, interaction and residency.

Placelessness

Having no uniqueness a place which is similar to lots of other places.

Clone town

A town where the major shopping areas are dominated by major chain stores.

Perception of place

The ideas and understanding we have a place which is developed through the media and sources such as books, films, magazines, social media.

Homogenisation

The process of making things uniform or similar leading to places becoming indistinct from one another.

Glocalisation

A term used to describe products or services that are distributed globally but which are fashioned to appeal to the consumers local market.

Globalisation

process by which economies and cultures have drawn deeper together and have become more inter-connected through global networks of trade, capital flows, and the rapid spread of technology and global media.

Transnational corporations (TNCs)

These are large and powerful businesses that have factories that make products and offices that sell products in different countries, usually with their headquarters in an HIC and production operations in cheaper countries.

Capitalism

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Insider perspectives

They are based on experiences acquired over time in every day life and are personal views.

Outsider perspectives

Views of a place through through media or being a tourist.

Media places

Locations an individual has not physically visited but knows through representations in media, such as films or social media.

Experienced place

A location a person has directly visited and interacted with, forming an emotional attachment or sense of belonging.

Endogenous factors examples (6)

• Natural characteristics - geology, altitude

• Demographic characteristics - Population, age, gender, inequality

• Socio-economic characteristics - Income levels, level of education

• Cultural factors - religious groups, local traditions

• Political factors - local or national government

• Type of built environment

Exogenous factor examples (3)

• Features associated with social globalisation

• Migration

• Government policies

Near place

The centre of most lived experiences where everyday experiences occur. It can refer to the location or emotional connection.

Far place

A place that is beyond the immediate lived experiences - only perception of place or is either geographically far away.

Real places

Places we have been to or those that exist as a place to visit.

Constructed places

Either imaginary places or those that have been created to imitate the identity or character of somewhere that already exists.

Gated communities

They are enclosed housing estates where access is strictly controlled, only residents can go in and out.

Social exclusion

Where individuals or groups are blocked from resources, rights and services preventing full social and economic life.

Spatial exclusion

Where individuals or groups are blocked from going to a physical area.

Character of a place

Physical or human geography features that are found in a place that help to distinguish it from another place.

Agglomeration

The spacial clustering of people, human settlements or economic activities within a concentrated geographic area.

Gentrification

The process where wealthier individuals move into lower-income or run-down urban areas, leading to property renovations, rising house prices and rents, and the economic or social displacement of original, lower-income residents.

Regeneration

Improving and investing in an area. This may include demolishing places and building new places. The use of a place may change.

Rebranding

Giving a new image to part of the city to attract people back to the area.

Representation of place

How a place is portrayed or seen by society. They are often represented in lots of different ways to target different audiences.

Place marketing

Where marketing or public relations companies are employed to improve or create positive perceptions of place.

The government, corporate bodies and local community groups often try to manipulate perceptions of place to attract people and investment.

Reimaging

the remodelling of the perception of places to:

• Counter negative aspects of the physical environment: dereliction, pollution, socio-economic problems including unemployment and crime.

• Provide new functions, services and attract investment, retailing resident and tourists.

Why are places manipulated?(4)

Social

• To challenge negative stereotypes

• To encourage people to move, live and work in an area

Economic

• To attract inward investment

• To improve job opportunities

Environmental

• To improve the quality of the built environment by removing derelict buildings and wasteland

Political

• To raise the status of a place, which can in turn give political gain

Enforced segregation

When certain areas are becoming trapped in a cycle of deprivation. Migrants may find it hard to access social housing