Sprint (Short-Distance Running) Vocabulary

Vocabulary and key term definitions for short-distance track running (sprint), including crouch start commands, race phases, equipment, and official rules.

Sprint

Short-distance running at maximum speed from the starting line to the finish line.

Start Jongkok (Crouch Start)

The starting technique used in sprint events that allows runners to obtain a strong initial forward push.

Starting Block

A footrest device used during a crouch start to provide a stronger push off the line.

Akselerasi (Acceleration)

The process of continuously increasing running speed after launching from the start.

Kecepatan Maksimal (Maximum Speed)

The highest running speed achieved and maintained by a runner during a race.

Finish Line

The line marking the end of the race course.

False Start

An illegal movement or launch initiated before the official valid starting signal.

Frekuensi Langkah (Stride Frequency)

The number of running steps taken per unit of time.

Panjang Langkah (Stride Length)

The distance covered by the runner in a single step.

Daya Ledak (Explosive Power)

The physical ability to generate maximum muscle force rapidly.

Standard Sprint Distances

The three common official short-distance track event distances: 100 meters, 200 meters, and 400 meters.

'Bersedia' ('On Your Marks')

The initial crouch start command where the runner kneels behind the starting line with hands placed on the ground supporting body weight.

'Siap' ('Set')

The second crouch start command where the runner lifts hips upward, leans slightly forward, and lifts the rear knee off the ground.

Sprint Speed Formula

The mathematical relationship determining running velocity: $\text{Speed} = \text{stride length} \times \text{stride frequency}$.

Torso Finish Rule

The rule establishing that the winner is determined by whichever runner's torso reaches the finish line plane first, excluding the head, arms, or legs.

Acceleration Phase

The stage of sprinting following the start characterized by high stride frequency, forward body lean, and gradually increasing stride length.