gwbp prelim 2

1. According to the Global Heat Budget

 

a) The primary input of energy to the earth is the sun.

b) It is impossible for the Earth to ever have a steady state temperature

c) The earth only absorbs energy.

d) All of the above are correct.

a) The primary input of energy to the earth is the sun.

2.  The input of solar energy to the earth has been constant since the Earth formed.

 

a) True

b) False

b) False

3.  Which of the following is a possible (not necessarily really happening) explanation for global temperature increases:

 

a) enhanced greenhouse effect.

b) increased solar energy input to the Earth

c) a decrease in aerosols (dust) in the outer atmosphere

d) all are possible explanations for a global temperature increase

d) all are possible explanations for a global temperature increase

4.  The hotter an object is, the longer the wavelength of energy it emits.

a) True

b) False

b) false

5. Forms of Electromagnetic Radiation are described by their wavelength.

 

a) True

b) False

a) True

6.  Uneven heating of the surface of the Earth leads to the formation of convective cells in the atmosphere.

 

a) True

b) False

a) true

7.  A bucket of dry sand and a bucket of wet (moistened with water) sand are heated to 90 degrees C.  Both are then placed on a bench at room temperature.  Which will cool to room temperature more quickly?

 

a) the bucket of dry sand

b) the bucket of wet sand

c) They will both cool at the same rate

a) bucket of dry sand

8.  Greenhouse gasses absorb ________ energy from the electromagnetic spectrum.

 

a) infrared

b) ultraviolet

c) microwave

d) magnetic

a) infrared

9.  Oceanic circulation has a longer, more gradual effect on weather than atmospheric circulation.

 

a) True

b) False

a) true

10.  Water is a polar molecule.  This means

 

a) Water molecules have charge, like a magnet

b) Water molecules tend to stick to each other

c) Water molecules will stick to other polar molecules

d) all of the above are correct.

d) all of the above are correct

11.  The mixture of gasses in the earth’s atmosphere absorb both long and short wavelength energy.

 

a) True

b) False

a) true

12.  If there were no fossil fuel burning, there would still be a greenhouse effect.

 

a) True

b) False

a) true

13.  Increasing the salinity of water at a given temperature

 

a)  Increases density

b)  decreases density

c)  has no effect on density

a) increases density

14.  When liquid water on the surface of the Earth evaporates, heat is released, warming the surface.

 

a) True

b) False

b) false

15.  The moon has greater day/night temperature fluctuations than the Earth because there is no water on its surface.

 

a)  True

b) False

a) true

16.  Photosynthesis:

 

a) Contributes to the Carbon cycle

b) Releases Oxygen into the atmosphere

c) Converts light energy to chemical energy

d) All of the above are correct

d) all of the above are correct

17.  The process of photosynthesis transforms solar energy into ________ energy.

a) chemical

b) mechanical

c) heat

d) kinetic

a) chemical

18.  The Carbon Fixation part of Photosynthesis are the steps where Carbon Dioxide is converted to sugar.

 

a) True

b) False

a) true

19.  ATP

 

a) Is the form of chemical energy used to drive chemical reactions in living cells

b) Is made during Photosynthesis

c) Is used during Photosynthesis

d) All of the above are correct

d) all of the above

20.  According to the doctrine of the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, Pastafarians believe that Global Warming is caused by the decline of pirates around the world:

 Considering the Scientific Method, which of the following statements is true:

 

a) The data above are an example of an observation

b) The data must be valid, because temperature is measured using the metric system

c) These data are an example of a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis

d) all of the above are correct

a) The data above are an example of an observation

21.  One reason the melting of ice on the Earth’s surface is of global significance is because exposed land absorbs more heat than ice.

 

a) True

b) False

a) true

22. The condensation of water vapor into liquid water in the Earth’s atmosphere releases heat energy.

 

a) True

b) False

True

23. All greenhouse gasses come from man-made sources.

 

a) True

b) False

b) False

24.  The burning of fossil fuels has dramatically increased the total amount of Carbon on the planet over the past century.

 

a) True

b) False

b) False

25.  Photosynthesis and Respiration are two biological processes which cycle carbon on the planet.

 

a) True

b) False

a) true

26. Reducing atmospheric CO₂ levels by increasing photosynthesis would work best if:

(Read carefully, this is a different question from the practice questions!):

a) You grow annual crop plants, which survive for one year and quickly decompose

b) You grow trees that live for several centuries untouched.

c) You grow trees to burn as fuel, instead of coal.

d) Photosynthesis is increased in the oceans, and the carbon is quickly respired back into the atmosphere

b) You grow trees that live for several centuries untouched.

27. The main benefit of burning ethanol compared to a fossil fuel is that burning ethanol has no net carbon release into the atmosphere.

a) True

b) False

a) true

28.  Which of the following environmental factors typically limits terrestrial (on land) photosynthesis the most?

 

a) Availability of sunlight

b) Availability of water

c) Availability of mineral nutrients

d) They all effect photosynthesis equally

b) availability of water

29.  The northern hemisphere has summer (warm temperatures) in July, when the Earth is farthest from the Sun.  This happens because

 

a) The earth has an atmosphere with greenhouse gasses.

b) The distance of the earth from the Sun has no effect on global temperature

c) The northern hemisphere is pointing toward the sun in July, due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis.

d) None of the above are correct.

c) The northern hemisphere is pointing toward the sun in July, due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis.

30.  Aerosols (dust) in the atmosphere can either cause global cooling or warming, depending on whether the dust is in the lower, or outer atmosphere.

 

a) True

b) False

a) true

31.  The Paris Climate Agreement requires specific greenhouse gas emission limits for developed countries.

 

a) True

b) False

b) False

32.  Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is true?

 

a) Most life on Earth relies upon the hospitable temperatures resulting from the greenhouse effect.

b) The greenhouse effect is a dangerous phenomenon that should be stopped as soon as possible.

c) The greenhouse effect results from the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere.

d) Global warming is likely the result of a lessening of the greenhouse effect.

a) Most life on Earth relies upon the hospitable temperatures resulting from the greenhouse effect

33.  The Milankovich Cycles

 

a) occur in Mitochondria

b) relate variation in the Earth’s orbit to climate variation

c) change depending on the amount of minerals in the soil

d) none of the above are correct

b) relate variation in the Earth's orbit to climate variation

34.  The hotter an object is, the ___________ the wavelength of energy it emits.

a) Shorter

b) Longer

a) shorter

35.  Convective cells in the atmosphere form because.

 

a) solar input is constant over the surface of the Earth

b) air rises as its temperature decreases

c) air rises as its temperature increases

d) airplanes fly through the air

c) air rises as its temperature increases

36.  Which of the following statements is correct:

 

a) The mixture of gasses in the Earth’s atmosphere absorb both long and short wavelength energy

b) The mixture of gasses in the Earth’s atmosphere absorb only long wavelength energy

c)  The mixture of gasses in the Earth’s atmosphere absorb only long wavelength energy

a) the micture of gases in the earth’s atmosphere absorb both long and short wavelength energy

37.  Increasing the salinity of water at a given temperature

 

a)  Increases density

b)  decreases density

c)  has no effect on density

a) increases density

40.  The moon has greater day/night temperature fluctuations than the Earth because

 

a)  there is no water on its surface.

b) Moon dust does not contain Carbon

c) There is an ozone layer around the moon

d) The moon is revolving around Earth instead of the Sun

a) there is no water on its surface

42.  The Light Reactions of photosynthesis transforms solar energy into

a) ATP

b) Sugar

c) Carbon Dioxide

d) Methane

a) atp

43.  The part of Photosynthesis where Carbon Dioxide is converted to sugar is called

 

a) The Light Reactions

b) The Krebs Cycle

c) Carbon Fixation (Calvin Cycle)

d) The Milankovich Cycles

c) carbond fixiation (calvin cycle)

44.  The melting of ice on the Earth’s surface is of global significance is because

 

a) Sea levels will rise

b) Reflectivity of the Earth’s surface will decrease, leading to more warming

c) The salinity of the oceans will decrease, changing weather and climate

d) all of the above are correct

d) all of the above are correct

46. Which of the following greenhouse gasses is entirely man-made?

 

a) CO₂

b) NO₂

c) Methane (CH₄)

d) CFC’s (chlorofluorocarbons)

d) cfc’s (chlorofluorocarbons)

45. Reducing atmospheric CO₂ levels by increasing photosynthesis would work best if:

 

a) You grow annual crop plants, which survive for one year and quickly decompose

b) You grow trees that live for several centuries untouched.

c) You grow trees to burn as fuel, instead of coal.

d) Photosynthesis is increased in the oceans, and the carbon is quickly respired back into the atmosphere

b) You grow trees that live for several centuries untouched

46.  Which of the following environmental factors typically limits terrestrial (on land) photosynthesis most often?

 

a) Availability of sunlight

b) Availability of water

c) Availability of mineral nutrients

d) They all effect photosynthesis equally

b) Availability of water

47.  The northern hemisphere has summer (warm temperatures) in July, when the Earth is farthest from the Sun.  This happens because

a) The earth has an atmosphere with greenhouse gasses.

b) The distance of the earth from the Sun has no effect on global temperature

c) The northern hemisphere is pointing toward the sun in July, due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis.

d) None of the above are correct.

c) The northern hemisphere is pointing toward the sun in July, due to the tilt of the Earth's axis

50. Water is considered an excellent thermal buffer because

 

a) It can absorb and release large amounts of heat without changing temperature

b) it turns pink as it gets warmer

c) it can be used to calibrate a pH meter

d) it absorbs blue wavelengths of light

a) It can absorb and release large amounts of heat without changing temperature

53. Which of the following is a true statement about carbon and the carbon cycle?

 

a) There is a one-way flow of carbon from volcanoes to plants to herbivores to carnivores and, finally, to the atmosphere.

b) Carbon is recycled among plants, animals, water, soil, and the atmosphere.

c) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the only carbon-containing compound involved in the carbon cycle.

d) Carbon is recycled in a general sense, but once carbon dioxide is exhaled from animals, it can only enter the atmosphere, where it's trapped and adds to the greenhouse effect.

B) carbon is recycled among plants, animals, water, soil, and the atmosphere

54. Aerosols in the atmosphere

 

a) Can enhance the greenhouse effect

b)  Can increase cloud formation

c)  Can cause the phenomenon called “Global Dimming”

d)  All of the above are correct

d) all of the above

55.  Water has a high Heat Capacity.  This means

 

a). It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of water compared to other natural substances

b) The temperature of water is always constant

c) Water will explode if heated too quickly

a) it takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of water compared to other natural substances

56.  Latent Heat

 

a) Is heat associated with phase change of a substance (solid to liquid to gas)

b) is heat added or removed without a change in temperature

c) can transfer energy from the surface of the earth to the atmosphere

d) all of the above are correct

d) all of the above

57. If the heat budget of the Earth were at a steady state

 

a) Global temperatures would not increase or decrease

b) There would be no greenhouse effect

c) There would be no atmosphere around the Earth

d) The global temperature would be below the freezing point of water.

a) global temperatures would not increase or decrease

58.  Ethanol produced from corn can be considered a “green” fuel because

 

a) When produced by plant material it is colored green

b) The plants used to produce it remove CO₂ from the atmosphere, so when it is burned, no additional CO₂ is added to the atmosphere

c) It doesn’t release CO₂ when it is burned

d) It can be used to liquefy coal

b) the plants used to produce it remove co2 from the atmosphere, so when it is burned, no additional co2 is added to atmosphere

59.  During cellular respiration, where does the majority of energy released from glucose go as it is metabolized into the low-energy compounds carbon dioxide and water? The energy released from glucose goes

A) out of the cell as heat.

B) into lactic acid.

C) into ATP.

D) into electrons that directly power the cell.

c) into atp

60. Reducing atmospheric CO₂ levels by increasing photosynthesis would work if:

A) You grow annual crop plants, which survive for one year and quickly decompose

B) Availability of mineral nutrients in the soil is not an issue.

C) You grow long-lived plants like trees to burn as fuel, instead of coal.

D) Photosynthesis is increased in the oceans, and the carbon is quickly respired back into the atmosphere

b) availability of mineral nutrients in the soil is not an issue

62.  Which of these processes related to water releases heat into the atmosphere?

A) condensation

B) runoff

C) evaporation

D) ground-water discharge

a)     condensation

63.  Why is water so important in controlling Earth's climate?

A) Water vapor is one of the greenhouse gases that allows the release of heat into space.

B) The water in oceans and lakes stores the energy radiated by the sun and releases it slowly.

C) Water warms up quickly when very little energy is added to it.

D) all of the above are correct

B) The water in oceans and lakes stores the energy radiated by the sun and releases it slowly.

65.  How do scientists "know" the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide that existed on Earth hundreds or thousands of years ago?

 

A) They deduce it from the carbon dioxide content of fossil fuels.

B) They measure it from bubbles of gas trapped in Antarctic ice.

C) They estimate it from the relative numbers of carbon-based life forms that existed over time.

D) They measure it from erupting volcanoes, bubbling hot springs, and seeping hydrothermal vents.

B) they measure it from bubbles of gas trapped in Antarctic ice

66.   What energy molecule is produced during the light reactions and helps to power the Calvin cycle?

A) ATP

B) glucose

C) sucrose

D) NADP+

a) ATP

67.  The greenhouse effect is most similar to

A) heating up the air inside a car by parking it in the sun.

B) warming the air for a hot-air balloon with a propane burner.

C) burning kerosene in a heater to warm up the air inside a cold house.

D) growing plants in your office to reduce indoor air pollution.

a) Heating up the air inside a car by parking it in the sun