HSTP Unit 2 Notes- Part A for RMA

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the standard anatomical position, directional and regional anatomical terms, body planes, body cavities and their subdivisions, abdominal quadrants and regions, and clinical patient positions.

Standard Anatomical Position

The agreed-upon reference posture used globally in medicine and biology where a person stands upright facing forward, eyes open looking ahead, arms at sides with elbows straight, palms supinated (facing forward) with thumbs pointing away, and feet flat, close together, and parallel with toes pointing forward.

Acromial

Pertaining to the acromion, or the point of the shoulder.

Antebrachial

Pertaining to the forearm.

Antecubital

Pertaining to the area in front of the elbow.

Anterior (Ventral)

Toward the front or belly-side of the body.

Anteroposterior

Passing from the anterior (front) toward the posterior (back) of the body.

Axillary

Pertaining to the armpit.

Bilateral

Pertaining to two sides.

Brachial

Pertaining to the upper arm.

Buccal

Pertaining to the cheek.

Calcaneal

Pertaining to the heel bone.

Carpal

Pertaining to the wrist.

Caudal

Toward the tailbone.

Cephalic

Pertaining to the head, or toward the head.

Cephalocaudal

Pattern of growth and development that proceeds from the head downward to the feet.

Cervical

Pertaining to the neck.

Coxal

Pertaining to the hip.

Cranial

Pertaining to the skull.

Crural

Pertaining to the leg, specifically the shin bone.

Cubital

Pertaining to the elbow.

Deep

More internal, further inside the body, away from the body surface.

Digital

Pertaining to the fingers or toes.

Distal

Situated farther away from the center of the body, the trunk, or the point where a limb attaches to the body.

External

Outer part of the body.

Femoral

Pertaining to the thigh.

Fibular

Refers to the lateral side of the lower leg.

Frontal (Regional)

Pertaining to the forehead.

Genital

Pertaining to the reproductive organs.

Gluteal

Pertaining to the buttocks.

Inferior

Positioned below or toward the feet.

Inguinal

Pertaining to the groin.

Internal

Inside the body.

Lateral

Farther away from the midline, toward the side of the body.

Lumbar

Pertaining to the low back region and the $5$ vertebrae between the chest and sacrum.

Mammary

Pertaining to the breast region.

Medial

Toward the midline, or center, of the body.

Mental

Pertaining to the chin.

Metacarpal

Pertaining to the hand bones.

Midline

An imaginary center line splitting the body into right and left halves.

Nasal

Pertaining to the nose.

Occipital

Pertaining to the back of the head.

Olecranal

Pertaining to the olecranon, or the bony tip/pointy part of the elbow.

Oral

Pertaining to the mouth.

Orbital

Pertaining to the eye or eye socket.

Otic

Pertaining to the ear.

Palmar

Pertaining to the palm of the hand.

Parietal

Pertaining to the outer wall of a body cavity.

Patellar

Pertaining to the kneecap (patella).

Pectoral

Pertaining to the chest.

Perineal

Pertaining to the perineum (the patch of flesh between the penis or vulva and anus).

Plantar

Pertaining to the sole or bottom surface of the foot.

Popliteal

Pertaining to the back (hollow) of the knee.

Posterior (Dorsal)

Toward the back or rear side of the body.

Posteroanterior

Passing from the posterior (back) toward the anterior (front) of the body.

Prone

Lying face down with palms downward.

Proximal

Situated nearer to the center of the body, the trunk, or the point where a limb attaches to the body.

Pubic

Refers to the genital region.

Sacral

Pertaining to the triangular bone at the base of the spine.

Scapular

Pertaining to the scapula, or shoulder blades located on the upper back.

Sternal

Pertaining to the sternum (breastbone).

Superficial

Toward the body surface, closer to the skin.

Superior

Positioned above or higher than another part of the body.

Supine

Lying flat on the back with palms facing upward.

Sural

Relating to or located in the calf.

Tarsal

Pertaining to the ankle.

Thoracic

Pertaining to the chest (thorax).

Umbilical

Pertains to the navel or belly button.

Unilateral

Pertaining to one side.

Vertebral

Relating to the spine or backbone.

Visceral

Pertaining to the internal organs.

Transverse Plane

An anatomical plane dividing the body horizontally into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions; also referred to as the horizontal plane or axial plane.

Frontal Plane

An anatomical plane dividing the body vertically into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions; also called the coronal plane.

Sagittal Plane

An anatomical plane that divides the body vertically into right and left portions.

Midsagittal Plane

A sagittal plane (also called median sagittal plane) that cuts straight down the exact middle of the body, creating two equal right and left halves.

Parasagittal Plane

A sagittal plane that cuts off-center, creating unequal left and right portions.

Oblique Plane

An imaginary flat surface that cuts through the body or organ at a slanted angle that is neither horizontal nor vertical.

Anatomy

The study of body structures.

Physiology

The study of the functions of body structures.

Pathophysiology

The study of disease.

Dorsal Cavity

Body cavity that protects organs and tissues within the back side of the body; divided into the cranial and spinal cavities.

Cranial Cavity

Cavity located within the skull that protects the brain.

Middle Ear Cavity

An air-filled space carved into the temporal bone, located between the ear drum and inner ear.

Orbital Cavity

A cone-shaped bony socket in the skull that houses and protects the eye.

Nasal Cavity

An air-filled space behind the nose, divided vertically by the nasal septum.

Oral Cavity

The mouth, bounded by lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue, extending into the pharynx (throat).

Spinal Cavity

Cavity located within the spinal column that protects the spinal cord.

Ventral Cavity

Body cavity that protects the organs and tissues within the front side of the body; divided into thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

Thoracic Cavity

The chest cavity protecting the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major chest blood vessels; contains the pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity.

Diaphragm

A large muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities that plays an important role in breathing.

Pleural Cavity

The space located between the outside of the lungs and the interior chest wall.

Mediastinum

The central compartment of the chest, located between the two lungs, containing the heart, major blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and nerves.

Pericardial Cavity

The small, fluid-filled space surrounding the heart, situated within the mediastinum between the layers of the pericardium.

Abdominal Cavity

Cavity containing the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, and parts of the large intestine.

Pelvic Cavity

Cavity containing the urinary bladder, urethra, portions of the large intestine, and reproductive organs.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The large body cavity formed by combining the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Abdominal quadrant containing the right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines.

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Abdominal quadrant containing the left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, and parts of the small and large intestines.

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Abdominal quadrant containing parts of the small and large intestines, appendix, right ureter, right side of the bladder, and right-side reproductive organs.

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominal quadrant containing portions of the small and large intestines, left ureter, left side of the bladder, and left-side reproductive organs.

Right Hypochondriac Region

Upper right abdominal region of the nine-region grid, where 'hypochondriac' means pertaining to below the cartilage.