Geography World History Units

Start of quarter 2

Pre-Columbia Era

Describes the Americas before being discovered by Columbus.

Columbian Contact

the sustained European discovery and exploration of Americas in 1400s.

columbian exchange

widespread transfer of animals, plants, populations, technology, and diseases.

Hernan Cortes

spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire

Franciscico

spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire

Spanish Mission

frontier organization of spanish catholic missionaries sought to employ indigenous people.

Coureur des Bois

French for runner in the woods. French colonist in North America who traveled, maintained relationships, and traded with Native Americans.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

System that exchanged goods and enslaved people across Atlantic Ocean.

Seven Years’ War

World-wide war between major powers of Europe, British incursions into French Territory in North America.

American Revolutionary War

April 19, 1775 - September 3, 1783. A war initiated by delegates from 13 American colonies of British America in congress against Great Britain.

Louisiana Purchase

the aquistion of territory in the North central of America.

Maroons

Africans who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements

Simon Bolivar

Venezuelan military and political leader who played important role in establishment of Venezuela, Equador, Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia as sovereign states.

Mexican-American war

armed conflict between United States and Mexico from 1846 - 1848

The gadensen purchase

29,670 square mile region of present day South Arizona and Southwest New Mexico that the United States aquaired from Mexico on June 8, 1854

Decolonization

Process where all political powers are absent.

Afro-Caribbean religions

Developed in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the South US combine traditional African religions with East Abrahamic practices.

Rastafarianism

Abrahamic religion developed in Jamaica 1930s believing in race-supremacy, Zion, and Ethiopia as home land.

Caribbean Plate

tectonic plates beneath Caribbean Sea and small section of Central America.

Hurricane Alley

area of warm water in Atlantic Ocean from West coast of North Africa to East coast of Central America and gulf coast of South United States.

Cultural export

a country’s tradition and culture adapted by another

central america volcanic arc (CAVA)

chain of volcanoes along Pacific coast of central america

isthmus

narrow piece of land connecting 2 larger areas across water

united fruit company

american corrpuration in south Erica (Chiquita) known as the banana wars

salt flats

flat expanses of ground covered in salt and other minerals

latin america

group of territories and countries in Americas where Romance languages are spoken and culture impacted by Iberian traditions

BRICS

Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South America

Carnival

festival season occurs before lent

Machu Picchu

15th century Inca site located 7,970ft above sea undiscovered till 1911

Inflation

defined as a sustained increase in general price of food

valley

low area between hills, usually rivers running through it.

One-Party state

type of state in which one political party has all the power in a country’s government

NAFTA/USMCA

agreement signed by Canada, America, and Mexico which grants special privileges to trading industry

Northwest Passage

sea route connecting North Atlantic and pacific oceans through arctic ocean

Toronto

most populous city in Canada and the capital on Ontario

Montreal

largest city in the Canadian providence of Quebec and 2nd largest city in Canada

Indigenous

originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native

Reservoir

large natural or artificial lake created to store water for human and environmental use

drainage divide

line separates ultimate direction of water flow in river and ocean

plain

flat expanse of land

industrialization

period of social and economic change where a country shifts from agriculture economy to factory economy.

white collar workers

employed in service sector

blue collar workers

work in farming, factory, or manual labor

deindustrialization

social and economic change where country shifts away from factory economy

the northeast megalopolis

continuous chain of heavily urbanized metropolitan areas and suburbs along the Atlantic Coast of the United States

rust belt

region straddling upper northeaster United States, Great Lakes, an midwest states; economic decline, population loss, and urban decay.

breadbasket region

region contains big amount of agricultural production, provides food for other regions.

Bible Belt

region in South East and South central US, plays strong role in society, politics, Christian church attendance is higher then country average.