Anatomy of the Heart - Brown Heart Model

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the external features, internal chambers, valves, great vessels, coronary circulation, and conduction system based on the Brown Heart Model.

Coronary Sulcus

The groove circling the heart between the atria and ventricles, visible on both anterior and posterior views of the heart model.

Anterior Interventricular (Longitudinal) Sulcus

The groove located on the anterior surface of the heart marking the external boundary between the right and left ventricles.

Posterior Interventricular (Longitudinal) Sulcus

The groove located on the posterior surface of the heart separating the left and right ventricles externally.

Right Auricle

The external, wrinkled flap-like extension of the right atrium visible on the anterior surface of the heart.

Left Auricle

The external ear-like flap extending from the left atrium visible on the anterior-lateral surface of the heart.

Apex

The inferior, pointed tip of the heart formed primarily by the left ventricle.

Interatrial Septum

The internal muscular and membranous wall that divides the right atrium from the left atrium.

Interventricular Septum

The thick internal partition that separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.

Fossa Ovalis

The shallow depression situated on the interatrial septum inside the right atrium, representing the remnant of the fetal foramen ovale.

Orifice of the Superior Vena Cava

The internal opening in the superior region of the right atrium through which blood enters from the superior vena cava.

Orifice of the Inferior Vena Cava

The internal opening in the inferior portion of the right atrium where blood enters from the inferior vena cava.

Orifice of the Coronary Sinus

The opening located on the interior wall of the right atrium where deoxygenated venous blood from the cardiac veins empties.

Tricuspid Valve

The atrioventricular (A-V) valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

The atrioventricular (A-V) valve situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Chordae Tendineae

Tendon-like fibrous cords that tether the cusps of the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles in the ventricles.

Papillary Muscles

Muscular projections emerging from the ventricular walls that anchor the chordae tendineae.

Trabeculae Carneae

Irregular muscular ridges and columns lining the interior surface of the right and left ventricles.

Moderator Band

A prominent muscular band extending across the lumen of the right ventricle from the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle.

Orifices of the Left Pulmonary Veins

The interior openings on the posterior-lateral wall of the left atrium that receive oxygenated blood from the left pulmonary veins.

Orifices of the Right Pulmonary Veins

The interior openings in the left atrium receiving oxygenated blood transported from the right lung.

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

The valve situated at the base of the pulmonary trunk that prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle.

Aortic Semilunar Valve

The valve located at the base of the ascending aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle.

Superior Vena Cava

A large systemic vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body into the right atrium, visible in the anterior view.

Inferior Vena Cava

A large systemic vein visible in the posterior view that returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

Ascending Aorta

The initial segment of the aorta that arises from the left ventricle and continues superiorly to form the aortic arch.

Aortic Arch

The curved segment of the aorta that loops over the pulmonary trunk and arteries.

Pulmonary Trunk

The major anterior vessel arising from the right ventricle that bifurcates into the right and left pulmonary arteries.

Brachiocephalic Veins

Large systemic veins superior to the heart that unite to form the superior vena cava.

Left Pulmonary Artery

The arterial branch carrying deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary trunk to the left lung.

Right Pulmonary Artery

The arterial vessel that transports deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary trunk to the right lung, visible posteriorly.

Left Pulmonary Veins

Vessels visible on the posterior aspect of the heart that carry oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium.

Right Pulmonary Veins

Vessels visible on the posterior aspect of the heart that transport oxygenated blood from the right lung to the left atrium.

Right Coronary Artery

A major coronary artery originating from the base of the aorta and traveling along the right coronary sulcus.

Marginal Artery (Marginal Branch of Right Coronary Artery)

A branch extending from the right coronary artery along the acute margin and inferior border of the right ventricle.

Left Coronary Artery

The initial coronary arterial trunk arising from the aorta behind the pulmonary trunk before bifurcating into circumflex and anterior descending branches.

Circumflex Artery (Circumflex Branch of Left Coronary Artery)

The arterial branch of the left coronary artery that travels around the left side of the heart within the coronary sulcus.

Left Anterior Descending Artery (Anterior Interventricular Artery)

The branch of the left coronary artery that courses down the anterior interventricular sulcus toward the apex.

Posterior Interventricular Artery

The coronary artery running within the posterior interventricular sulcus to supply the posterior ventricles and septum.

Anterior Cardiac Veins

Small veins on the anterior surface of the right ventricle that drain blood directly into the right atrium.

Great Cardiac Vein

The coronary vein traveling in the anterior interventricular sulcus alongside the left anterior descending artery before entering the coronary sulcus.

Small Cardiac Vein

The coronary vein positioned along the inferior border and posterior coronary sulcus, draining into the coronary sinus.

Middle Cardiac Vein

The coronary vein ascending in the posterior interventricular sulcus alongside the posterior interventricular artery.

Posterior Cardiac Vein

A vein located on the posterior surface of the left ventricle that drains into the coronary sinus.

Oblique Vein

A small vein descending along the posterior wall of the left atrium to merge with the coronary sinus.

Coronary Sinus

The large venous channel located in the posterior coronary sulcus that collects blood from cardiac veins and opens into the right atrium.

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

The primary pacemaker component of the cardiac conduction system located in the wall of the right atrium.

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

The conduction node situated near the interatrial septum in the inferior aspect of the right atrium that relays impulses from atria to ventricles.

Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle (Bundle of His)

The tract of conductive tissue extending from the AV node into the upper portion of the interventricular septum.

Right Bundle Branch

The conduction pathway that travels down the right side of the interventricular septum toward the right ventricle and moderator band.

Left Bundle Branch

The conduction pathway that descends along the left side of the interventricular septum toward the left ventricle.

Purkinje Fibers

The microscopic conductive terminal fibers spreading through the ventricular subendocardium to trigger ventricular contraction.