lab practical 1 bio

meant to awnser with definition

SI for mass

kilograms

SI for temperature

kelvin

eye piece (10x) times objective magnification

total magnification

field of view

total area

compound microscope inverts image what

upside and backwards

space between objects and slide

working distance

never use the _____ knob on high power because slide will crack and lense will be scratched. use the _______ knob instead.

coarse knob, fine knob

Use the ________ to adjust contrast and angle of light hitting specimen. NEVER use the _________ and change the height of that. Note: use light intensity control knob for just brightness levels.

diaphragm, condenser

1,2,3,4?

fine knob, coarse knob, diaphragm, condenser

When labeling a scientific drawing, what direction should it be? horizontal or vertical?

right, horizontal

evidence chemical reaction occured (5 things)

color, gas, precipitate, temperature, odor

What type of reaction is this: A+B—> AB

combination

What type of reaction is this: AB—→ A + B

decomposition

What type of reaction is this: A + BC —→ AC + B

replacement

1 M(molarity)= 1 ____ of solute per 1 ____ of solution

mole, liter

higher molarity = _______ solute particles per unit volume

more

pH measures what

H+ ions

Acids (1-7) have more ____ and less ______.

H, OH

Bases (7-14) have more ____ and less ____.

OH, H

Every 1 unit change of the PH scale is a 10 -fold change in H+ concentration. if PH drops from 5-2, it _____ by a factor of ____

increases by 1000

Solutions conduct electricity because the electric current ______.

flows through ions

electrolytes are _____ dissolved in water, surrounding themselves with polar ____ molecules allowing electrical conductivity.

ions, water

as magnification _____, the field of view diameter _______

increases, decreases

an atom that has an electrical charge because it has unequal number of protons and electrons

ion

what type of lab reaction? Copper nitrate + sodium sulfide —> Copper sulfide

Precipitation

what type of lab reaction? Copper metal + water —> calcium hydroxide + hydrogen gas

gas-evolving

what type of lab reaction? acetic acid + sodium bicarbonate —> carbon dioxide gas

acid base gas

what is the mass change of dialysis bag in a hypotonic solution

water moves into bag —> mass increases

what is the mass change of dialysis bag in hypertonic solution

water moves out of bag —→ mas decreases

When an Elodea leaf is placed in saltwater, the saltwater environment is ___________.

hypertonic

How does the water leave the central vacoule in elodea leaf in salt water? what happens to the cell? What is it called

osmosis, shrinks, plasmolysis

______ is a protein biological catalyst. it does what to activation energy? how does it affect chemical reactions?

enzyme, lowers activation energy, speeds it up

what does amylase do? what is the substrate? what are the products?

enzyme that helps break down starch into dextrins and maltose.\

when iodine is mixed with starch and it comes out blue/black, what does it indicate? what does it mean?

positive for starch. it means that digestion of starch is incomplete and the amylase is inactive.

what are dextrins

broken down startch

when iodine is mixed with starch and it comes out reddish-brown, what does it indicate?

partial breakdown of startch

when iodine is mixed with startch and it comes out yellowish amber, what does it indicate? what does it mean?

it is negative for starch and digestion is complete. all the starch converted to maltos and the amalyse was activated

Chemical equation for aerobic respiration

C6H12O6+6O2—>6CO2+6H2O+ATP

how does pH affect enxyme activity?

acidic/basic environments alter ionic charges of amino acids in active site

photosynthesis chemical formula

6CO2+6H2O+Light energy —> C6H12O6+6O2

chemical formula for yeast fermentation

C6H12O6—>2C2H5OH(ethanol)+2CO2+2ATP

Aerobic requires ____, occurs in _____, and has ______ ATP yield per glucose.

oxygen, mitochondria, high

Fermentation (anaerobic) occurs without _______, occurs in ______, and has ____ ATP yield per glucose.

oxygen, cytoplasm, low

When we measured YEAST fermentation, what did the manometer measure? is the pressure get high or low?

Measures CO2 gas PRODUCTION, pressure high

When we measured aerobic respiration in beans, what did the manometer measure? Why?is the pressure get high or low?

Measured OXYGEN CONSUMPTION!!!! because every molecule of oxygen consumed produces one carbon dioxide —> means the pressure in the flask will stay the same —> soda lime put so it removes CO2 from inside the flask so that the fluid in the manometer goes up and we can measure the PRESSURE caused by consuming too much oxygen (lower pressure)

what do you expect germinating beans to produce?

respiration consumes O2 so fluid moves

what do you expect form dry/killed beans to produce?

cells dormat/dead so no O2 consumed so fluid remains the same

what does a dialysis tubing model? what molecules does it allow to go inside and what does it block?

models selectively permeable cell membrane. allows small molecules (water/glucose) to pass and blocks large macromolecules (startch)

what is the effect of higher enzyme concentration on reaction rate and why?

higher enzyme concentration —> larger number of available active sites —> faster reaction time

why are control groups used

baseline comparison proving experimental variable caused observed change