mcat

antioxidant vitamin

vitamin E

social cognitive theory

people learn behavior through observing others

catharsis

emotional release to take care of unconscious conflicts

shadowing (psych)

repeating aloud a message while it is being presented

hypothalamus maintains

homeostasis

red and violet wavelengths

700, 400

frontal lobe function

speech, motor context

temporal lobe function

auditory, smell, hearing

where are the rods and cones located

retina

what controls the size of the pupil?

iris

cultural transmission

one culture passing their culture to their next generation

in SDS treated proteins, what travels farther?

small molecules

what is a side function of glucorticoids?

immune suppression

OH and C=O IR peaks

3300, 1700

Eo is spontaneous when it is --

positive

the more positive Eo term is the element that is (oxidized or reduced)

reduced

@ EQ, Eo =

0

hybridization electron density includes

ALL things attached (e- pairs and bonds)

carboxylic acid IR peak

3000

EUK vs PROK ribosome units

80S, 70S

where does glycogen breakdown occur

liver

benedict's reagent vs tollens reagent

aldose vs aldehyde

pyranoses vs furanoses

hexose, fructose

how does glucose enter the blood

absorption by small intestine, gluconeogenesis in liver

can i keep selling sex for money officer

citrate

isocitrate \n keto alpha glutarate \n succinyl coa \n succinate \n fumarate \n malate \n oxaloacetate

committed step of glycolysis

f6p --\> f16bp

where does gluconeogenesis occur

liver and adrenal cortex

where does the PPP occur?

cytosol

which phase of the PPP is irreversible?

oxidative (nadph and ribulose5p)

What does the nonoxidative phase of the PPP do?

ribose5phosphate, feeds into glycolysis

pdc complex (where, what)

pyruvate --> acetyl coa

cytosol --> mitochondria

etc complex 2

succinate dehydrogenase (fadh2)

etc complex 3

cytochrome c reductase

prostaglandins structure & function

20C and 5 member ring, inflammation

isoprene units

c5h8 carbon monomers

terpenoid

terpene (isoprene repeats) + other elements

glucose, fructose, & galactose are all --

monosaccharides

sucrose, lactose, & maltose are all --

disaccharides

sucrose

glucose + fructose

lactose

glucose + galactose

maltose

glucose + glucose

fructose substituent order

up, up, down, up

cellulose linkage

beta 1,4

starch linkage

alpha 1,4

meiosis takes -- and makes --

1 diploid cell (2n) , 4 haploid cells (n)

after meiosis 1, what is going on with the chromosomes?

homologous chromosomes separate, sister chromatids reman together

when does crossing over occur?

prophase 1

polymerase reads -- and synthesizes --

3-5, 5-3

prok ribosome size

30s + 50s = 70s

euk ribosome size

40s + 60s = 80s

hardy weinberg assumptions

1. random mating
2. no natural selection
3. no genetic drift
4. no gene flow
5. no mutation

hw equation

p2 + 2pq + q2=1, p + q = 1

promoters

eukaryotic upstream DNA sequences that initiate transcription

what makes up the pns

somatic/autnomic ns

peptide hormone characteristics

* large, hydrophilic
* cannot pass through cell membrane
* short term effects

hydrophobic hormone characteristics

* small, hydrophobic
* pass through cell membrane alone
* long lasting effects, delay in onset

which elements are in proteins

chon (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

which elements are in lipids

cho (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)

what elements are in nucleic acids

chonp (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)

what reaction allows the sperm to enter the egg?

acrosome reaction

what reaction prevents polyspermy?

cortical reaction

stage of embryonic development

morula --\> blasocyst --\> gastrula (MBG)

ovarian cycle

follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

which hormone causes menstruation

LH

hemoglobin t form

resistant to o2 binding

large intestine parts

cecum --\> colon --\> rectum --\> anus

antibody structure

2 heavy chains, 2 light chains, disulfide bond

cytokines

chemicals released by the immune system communicate with the brain

what organs are in the immune system

lymph node, thymus, bone marrow, & spleen

ligaments

bone to bone

tendons

muscle to bone

synovial joints (diarthroses)

freely movable joints

cartilaginous joints (amphiathrosis)

limited movement joints

fibrous joints (synarthrosis)

no movement joints

cardiac muscle

striated, uninuclear

adaptive radiation

an evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve from a single ancestral species

strong acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4

strong bases

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

mm first order

when [s] is small

mm zero order

when [s] is big

Validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

parkinsons disease

dopamine deficiency

schizophrenia

dopamine overexpression

differential association theory

theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to

which lobe of the brain is emotional, which is logical?

temporal, frontal

when does boiling pt occur

vapor pressure = surface pressure

power eqn with just r and V

P = (v2)/r

angle of incidence is always =

angle of reflection

the more energy required to remove a H+ from a molecule, the -- the rate of removal

slower

lens strength equation

s = 1/o + 1/i

fxn of transcription factors

bind dna, recruit rna polymerase

concrete operational stage

7-11; logical thinking, conservation

cck function

increase bile release, increase digestion

how many e- does cytochrome c carry?

1

intermediate fiber example

keratin (hair)

VLDL

carries lipids from liver to cells

LDL

carries cholestorol to cells

what hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

restriction enzymes only recognize what kind of sequence

pallendrome

bowman's capsule

surrounds the glomerulus