A&P3 Lecture Assignment 5

The digestive tract is also known as _.

gastrointestinal tract, GI tract, or alimentary canal

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

oral cavity

digestive tract

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

teeth

accessory structure

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

salivary glands

accessory structure

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

esophagus

digestive tract

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

stomach

digestive tract

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

gallbladder

accessory structure

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

small intestine

digestive tract

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

large intestine

digestive tract

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

anus

digestive tract

Identify as either being a part of the digestive tract or as an accessory structure.

pancreas

accessory structure

this is a mucous membrane composed of epithelium and areolar tissue

 

           

mucosa

this layer is composed of dense, irregular connective tissue and contains large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

 

submucosa           

this layer is composed of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle

 

muscular layer

this layer is the visceral peritoneum

 

                       

serosa 

The mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity is

stratified squamous

the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine is

simple columnar

Identify each as describing peristalsis or segmentation.

digestive tract motility

peristalsis

Identify each as describing peristalsis or segmentation.

mechanical digestion

segmentation

Identify each as describing peristalsis or segmentation.

mixing food

segmentation

Identify each as describing peristalsis or segmentation.

propulsion

peristalsis

Which local factors can trigger digestive reflexes?

pressure (physical distortion)

nutrients

changes in pH

hormones

foods enter digestive tract through the mouth

ingestion

crushing, tearing, shredding foods

mechanical digestion

enzymatic and chemical breakdown of food

 

                  

 chemical digestion

accessory structures secrete buffers, acids, and enzymes into the digestive tract

secretion

movement of nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream

absorption

discharge of feces from body

defecation

The primary function of the esophagus is _. 

propel foods to stomach

Swallowing is also called _.

deglutition

First section of small intestine

duodenum

second section of small intestine

jejunum

Third section of small intestine

ileum

1st section of the large intestine based on location

cecum

2nd section of the large intestine based on location

ascending colon

3rd section of the large intestine based on location

transverse colon

4th section of the large intestine based on location

descending colon

5th section of the large intestine based on location

sigmoid colon

secreted by G cells when food arrives in the stomach, and from the duodenum when large quantities of incompletely digested proteins enter the small intestine

gastrin

released when chyme enters the duodenum to increarease secretion of buffers from the pancreas

secretin

secreted when chyme enters the duodenum, especially when it contains lipids, it leads to release of enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder

 

 cholecystokinin (CCK)           

released by enteroendocrine cells when stimulated by the vagus nerve to increase mucus production

enteroctinin

secreted when carbohydrates (especially glucose) enter the duodenum to stimulate the release of insulin, and inhibits some gastric activity

 

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)           

stimulates the secretion of intestinal glands, dilates local capillaries, and inhibits acid production

 

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)