Bio

What is the basic structure of DNA?

DNA is a double-helix molecule composed of nucleotides, consisting of a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases.

What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA and their pairs?

The nitrogenous bases are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C). A pairs with T and G pairs with C.

What does Chargaff's rule state regarding base pairing?

Chargaff's rule states that the amount of Guanine equals Cytosine, and Adenine equals Thymine (A=T and G=C).

Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is located within the nucleus.

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

The phases of the cell cycle include Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.

What happens during the S phase of Interphase?

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of Interphase.

What is the role of Helicase in DNA replication?

Helicase unwinds and unzips the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases.

What is the significance of DNA replication?

DNA replication ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions.

What is mitosis?

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division that allows for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction.

How do mutations occur?

Mutations can occur due to errors during DNA replication or due to environmental factors such as UV radiation or chemicals.

What impacts can mutations have on an organism?

Mutations can be neutral, harmful (leading to diseases like cancer), or beneficial (providing genetic variation).