Occupational Risk Prevention Review (PRL)

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering Occupational Risk Prevention (PRL) principles, risk factor classifications and preventive specialties, accident root-cause analysis (árbol de causas), and workforce thresholds for delegates, committees, and organizational modalities.

Principle (a) of Prevention (Avoiding Risks)

The primary preventive principle exemplified by completely stopping the use of a toxic product, or installing a comprehensive drying system for umbrellas, clothes, and shoes at an entrance with polished marble flooring.

Principle (b) of Prevention (Evaluating Unavoidable Risks)

The preventive principle exemplified by conducting an assessment to determine how dangerous a cutting machine is.

Principle (d) of Prevention (Adapting Work to the Individual)

The preventive principle exemplified by transferring a factory worker suffering from a herniated disc to an administrative office position.

Principle (e) of Prevention (Considering Technical Progress)

The preventive principle demonstrated by installing the latest model of fire detection sensors.

Principle (f) of Prevention (Replacing the Dangerous with Low or No Danger)

The preventive principle illustrated by replacing a product that emits toxic gases and is flammable with one that is only flammable, or replacing polished exterior granite flooring with shot-blasted or flamed granite.

Principle (g) of Prevention (Planning Prevention)

The preventive principle illustrated by drafting and establishing a formal prevention plan (plan de prevención).

Principle (h) of Prevention (Prioritizing Collective Protection)

The preventive principle illustrated by installing guardrails, placing local exhaust ventilation hoods over equipment emitting toxic fumes, and putting up warning signs around construction areas.

Principle (i) of Prevention (Giving Appropriate Instructions)

The preventive principle illustrated by delivering a training course on safe operation to employees whenever new machinery is introduced.

Chain of Work Condition to Harm (Sawmill Example)

A causal sequence where a work environment characteristic (high generation of wood dust and sawdust) makes the machinery a risk factor, producing the risk of fire in an explosive atmosphere, which results in harm consisting of burns and death.

Working with Wild Animals (Risk Classification)

A risk factor classified as Biological under Environmental Conditions (Condiciones Medioambientales), handled by the preventive specialty of Industrial Hygiene (Higiene Industrial).

6-Meter Hand Ladders (Risk Classification)

A risk factor classified as Work Tools (Herramientas de trabajo) under Safety Conditions (Condiciones de seguridad), managed by the preventive specialty of Safety at Work (Seguridad en el Trabajo).

Working with Open Windows in Winter (Risk Classification)

A risk factor categorized under Temperature and drafts (Physical), part of Environmental Conditions (Condiciones Medioambientales), managed by Industrial Hygiene (Higiene Industrial).

Toxic Cleaning Products (Risk Classification)

A risk factor classified as Chemical (Químico) under Environmental Conditions (Condiciones Medioambientales), managed by the specialty of Industrial Hygiene (Higiene Industrial).

Customer Service / Public Attention (Risk Classification)

A risk factor categorized as Workload (Carga de trabajo) under Ergonomic and Psychosocial Conditions, managed by the specialty of Ergonomics and Psychosociology (Ergonomía y Psicosociología).

UV Tanning Bed (Risk Classification)

A risk factor classified as Non-ionizing radiation (Physical) under Environmental Conditions, belonging to the specialty of Industrial Hygiene.

Noisy Machinery (Risk Classification)

A risk factor classified as Noise (Physical) under Environmental Conditions, managed by the specialty of Industrial Hygiene.

Working with Explosives (Risk Classification)

A risk factor categorized as Work Products (Productos de trabajo) under Safety Conditions, managed by the specialty of Safety at Work (Seguridad en el Trabajo).

Shift Work (Risk Classification)

A risk factor categorized under Work Organization and Ordering (Organización y ordenación del trabajo) within Ergonomic and Psychosocial Conditions, belonging to Ergonomics and Psychosociology.

Pneumatic Hammer (Risk Classification)

A dual-classification risk factor: Equipment under Safety Conditions (Safety at Work), and Vibrations / Physical under Environmental Conditions (Industrial Hygiene).

Electrical Machinery (Risk Classification)

A risk factor categorized as Equipment (Equipos) under Safety Conditions, managed by the specialty of Safety at Work (Seguridad en el Trabajo).

Cause Tree of the Fatal School Ladder Accident

A root-cause analysis diagram tracing a worker's death from a 4-meter fall off a 6-meter ladder down to basic organizational failures: poor PRL management, rush due to a judicial order, lack of planning, lack of training, non-routine work, poor equipment selection, lack of ladder securing, and failure to use a harness or helmet.

Prevention Representation and Modality Matrix

A reference framework specifying the required Prevention Delegates (Delegados), Health and Safety Committee members (Comité), and approved preventive organization modalities (Empresario, T. Designado, SPP, SPA) across companies of varying workforce sizes and hazard profiles.

Shipyard with 350 Workers (Preventive Organization)

An enterprise requiring 3 Prevention Delegates (Delegados), a 6-member Health and Safety Committee (Comité), and limited to SPP (Servicio de Prevención Propio) or SPA (Servicio de Prevención Ajeno).

Automobile Factory with 4,200 Workers (Preventive Organization)

A large-scale manufacturing enterprise requiring 8 Prevention Delegates, a 16-member Health and Safety Committee, and restricted to SPP or SPA modalities.

Distribution Company with 13 Workers (Preventive Organization)

A small company requiring 1 Prevention Delegate, 0 Health and Safety Committee members, with valid modalities being Designated Worker (T. Designado), SPP, or SPA.

School with 50 Workers (Preventive Organization)

An educational institution requiring 2 Prevention Delegates, a 2-member Health and Safety Committee, with valid organizational modalities being Designated Worker (T. Designado), SPP, or SPA.

Family Hairdressing Salon with 3 Workers (Preventive Organization)

A micro-enterprise requiring 0 Prevention Delegates and 0 Health and Safety Committee members, permitted to organize prevention through the Employer (Empresario), a Designated Worker (T. Designado), SPP, or SPA.

Nursing Home with 200 Workers (Preventive Organization)

A care facility requiring 3 Prevention Delegates, a 6-member Health and Safety Committee, with eligible preventive modalities of Designated Worker (T. Designado), SPP, or SPA.

Laboratory with 260 Workers Researching Ebola (Preventive Organization)

A high-hazard research facility requiring 3 Prevention Delegates and a 6-member Health and Safety Committee, restricted to SPP and SPA due to biological risk.

High-Voltage Tower Maintenance Company with 8 Workers (Preventive Organization)

A high-risk small company requiring 1 Prevention Delegate and 0 Committee members, with valid preventive modalities being Designated Worker (T. Designado), SPP, or SPA.