MI 263- Fluoro Part 1- Anatomy (erin) & pathology

accessory glands of the digestive system (4)

Secrete digestive enzymes into alimentary canal (mouth to anus)

• salivary glands

• liver

• gallbladder

• pancreas

What position is it best to see the duodenal bulb

PA oblique Stomach UGI (single)

alimentary canal of the digestive system

• mouth

• pharynx

• esophagus

• stomach

• small and large intestine

• anus

mouth

• encloses dental arches and recieves saliva secreted by salivary glands

• divided into oral vestibule and oral cavity

• oral cavity has HARD and SOFT palates

• Uvula; center of soft palate

• tongue; floor of oral cavity, freely movable muscle

• teeth; mastication

salivary glands

• parotid; largest gland

• sublingual; smallest

• submandibular

pharynx

• passageway for air and food

• extends from portions of sphenoid/occipital bones to C6-C7

nasopharynx is

above the hard and soft palates

oropharynx is

extends from soft palate to hyoid bone

laryngeal pharynx is

posterior to larynx extends inferior to esophagus

larynx

• organ of voice; air passage between the pharynx and trachea

epiglottis

serves as a trap to prevent leakage into larynx between acts of swallowing

piriformis recess

each side of the larynx

• visualized on AP projection when puffing cheeks with air (esophagus)

esophagus

• runs C6-T11; cardiac opening of stomach

• 4 layers; fibrous, muscular, submucosal, mucosal

  • anterior to spine

  • posterior to trachea

  • lies in midsagittal plane

esophageal hiatus

passes through diaphragm about T10

esophagogastric junction

• joins the stomach at about T11

• opening is called cardia orifice

cardiac antrum

• wide, distal end of esophagus'; lies in abdomen

upper esphageal sphincter (UES)

• juction eith pharynx- prevents air from entering esophagus during respiration

lower esophageal spincter (LES)

• relaxes to allow food to pass into the stomach; closes to prevent stomach acid and digestive juices from flowing back into the esophagus

stomach

• storage area for food until digested

• acids, enzymes and chemicals are secreted to break down food chemically

• mechanically broken down by churning and peristalsis

mechanically and chemically broken down food in stomach to duodenum =

chyme

what are the 4 parts of the stomach

1. cardia

2. fundus

3. body

4. pylorus

internal stomach

• LES and pyloric sphincter

• rugae

• duodenal bulb

procedure techniques for esophagus

• phonation

• modified valsalva manuever

• EZ disk

• radiopaque ruler

proceudre techniques for UGI

• valsalva maneuver

• trendelengerg

• lifting of legs

swallowing dysfunction study demonstrates

structure and function of deglutation

• most patient have suffered a CVA

swallowing dysfunction study is performed by

speech pathologists

swallowing dysfunction study evaluates for

abnormalities; especually those with aspiration

swallowing dysfunction study will help determine

appropriate diet modifications or swallowing strategies

what is 1?

posterior arch

what is 2?

anterior arch

what is 3?

tonsil

what is 4?

hard palate

what is 5?

uvula

what is 6?

soft palate

what salivary gland is 2?

sublingual ducts

what salivary gland is 3?

submandibular duct

what salivary gland is 4?

sublingual gland

what salivary gland is 5?

parotid gland

what salivary gland is 6?

submandibular

what salivary gland is 1?

parotid duct

what part of the parynx is green?

nasopharynx

what part of the pharynx is blue?

oropharynx

what part of the pharynx is purple?

laryngeal pharynx

what is A?

epiglottis

what is B?

larynx

what is C?

piriform recess

what accessory gland is 1?

liver

what accessory gland is 2?

gallbladder

what accessory gland is 3?

salivary gland

what accessory gland is 4?

pancreas

what is 1?

cardiac antrum

what is 2?

cardia

what is 3?

lesser curvature

what is 4?

angular notch

what is 5?

pyloric sphincter

what is 6?

duodenum

what is 7?

pyloric canal

what is 8?

pylorus

what is 9?

pyloric antrum

what is 10?

greater curvature

what is 11?

body

what is 12?

fundus

what is 13?

cardiac notch

what is 1?

duodenal bulb

what is 2?

pyloric sphincter

what is 3?

cardiac sphincter

what is 4?

rugae

what is 2?

body

what is 3?

pyloric valve

what is 4?

pyloric portion

what is 1?

fundus

what is A?

hypersthenic

what is B?

sthenic

what is C?

hyposthenic

what is D?

asthenic

for hypersthenic patients where is the pylorus and duodenal bulb positioned

• pyloric portion: level T11 to T12, midline

• duodenal bulb: level T11 to T12, to right of midline

for sthenic patients where is the pylorus and duodenal bulb positioned

• pyloric portion: level L2, near midline

• duodenal bulb: level L1/L2, near midline

for hyposthenic/asthenic patients where is the pylorus and duodenal bulb positioned

pyloric portion: level L3 to L4, to left of midline

duodenal bulb: level L3 to L4, midline

what type of patient is this?

hypersthenic

what type of patient is this?

sthenic

what type of patient is this?

hypothenic/ asthenic

what position would the patient be in with the rectangle?

supine

what position would the patient be in with the heart?

prone

what position would the patient be in with the star?

erect

what is it called when stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus?

reflux gastroesophageal reflux disease

reflux has a radiographic apperance of

esophagitis, aspiration

what has the radiographic appearance of superficial ulcers, erosions, and streaks/dots of barium superimposed on distal esophagus

esophagitis

what is the most common type of esophagitis

reflux esophagitis

what causes esophagitis

idiopathic, iatrogenic, GERD

what is a type of overreaction of immune system when it sends too many WBC to attack an infection or allergy

eosinophilic esophagitis

what is it called when the cell lining of the lower esophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium due to repeated exposure to stomach acid

barrett’s esophagus

what pathology has the precancerous cells in it, stricture, & results with a hiatal hernia?

barrett’s esophagus

what is the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to open & let food pass into the stomach?

achalasia

achalasia radiographic apperance

rat rail or beak-like appearance!!!!

what is the outpouching of the lining in weakened spots of the GI tract

diverticulum

radiographic apperance of diverticulum

collection of barium in a pouch

where does diverticulum primarily occur

middle & distal esophagus

epiphrenic diverticulum

right above diaphragm

what pathology is diverticula located on anterolateral wall BELOW cricopharyngeal muscle

killian-jamieson

what pathology is diverticula on posterior wall ABOVE the cricopharyngeal muscle

zenkers