Seperated subjective data for ch 19

COPD definition

Chronic inflammatory lung disease causing obstructed airflow from the lungs

Two main conditions that make up COPD

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Healthy People 2030 describes COPD as

A group of diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and nonreversible asthma

COPD airflow limitation is usually

Progressive, tied to lung inflammation from inhaled particles and gases (usually cigarette smoke)

Why exhaling is harder in COPD

Inflammatory obstruction makes airways constrict after air is in the lungs

COPD risk factors (list)

Cigarette smoke (including secondhand), pipe, cigar, marijuana smoking; asthma; occupational dust/chemicals; fumes from burning fuels; rarely genetics

Pursed lip breathing

Reduces respirations, improves expiratory phase, delays small airway collapse, reduces air trapping

Tripod position

Sit or stand leaning forward with arms supported; forces diaphragm down and forward, stabilizes chest, reduces work of breathing

If SOB worsens with arms raised

Support the arms during ADLs

Racial disparity in lung cancer

Black adults more likely to develop and die of lung cancer despite lower cigarette smoke exposure

Other HP 2030 tobacco goals

Reduce smokeless tobacco, cigars, adolescent tobacco use and initiation; increase cessation in pregnancy and in adolescent smokers

Who gets lung cancer screening?

Ages 50 to 80, 20 pack-year smoking history, currently smoke or quit within past 15 years

When to stop lung cancer screening

Not smoked for 15 years, or a health problem limits life expectancy or ability/willingness to have curative surgery

Lung cancer risk factors (list)

Smoking and secondhand smoke; asbestos, radon, arsenic (even in drinking water), diesel exhaust, some silica and chromium; air pollution; radiation exposure history; personal or family history of lung cancer

Beta-carotene supplements

Linked to HIGHER lung cancer risk in people who smoke or previously smoked; no known reason

Teach: older house or area with asbestos/radon

Have home or office checked

Teach: arsenic, diesel exhaust, silica, chromium exposure

Use protective gear

Teach: smokers and beta-carotene

Avoid beta-carotene supplements

Pleuritic pain: quality

Sharp, knifelike

Angina: quality

Pressing, squeezing, tight, heavy, occasionally burning

Pericarditis: quality

Sharp, knifelike, crushing

Dissecting aortic aneurysm: quality

Ripping, tearing

GERD: quality

Burning, may be squeezing

Costochondritis: quality

Stabbing, sticking, or dull, aching

Anxiety: quality

Stabbing, sticking, or dull, aching