Cardiovascular System Study Guide

Cardiovascular system

heart, vessels and blood

hematopoietic stem cell

in the bone marrow and develop receptors for thrombopoietin

erythrocytes

discoidal cell with a biconcave shape, picks up O2 from lungs and delivers it to tissues, and picks up co2 from tissues and unloads in the lungs, loses nucleus and other organelles during maturation

hemoglobin

consists of 4 protein chains called globs (2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains) and are conjugated with nonprotein moiety called the heme group

antigens

complex molecules genetically unique to the individual (ABO, Rh)

Antibodies

bind to antigens

ABO group

determined by the presence or absence of antigens A and B on the RBCs, antibodies to the ABO group begin to appear in plasma 2-8 months after birth

Rh group

Rh+ or Rh-

Universal Donor

o-

Universal acceptor

AB+

leukocytes

WBCs - least abundant of the formed elements, retain organelles

Neutrophils

60-70% of circulating leukocytes, specific granules in cytoplasm, increase in bacterial infections, nucleus has 3-5 lobes in c or s shape

Eosinophils

2-4% of circulation WBCs, Nucleus is two large lobes connected by a thin strand, large orange/pink granules in cytoplasm, releases enzymes that weaken or destroy parasites such as worms

Basophils

<0.5% of the WBCs, nucleus is u or s shaped but typically can’t see, cytoplasm is coarse, abundant dark violet granules, secretes histamine and heparin

lymphocytes

25-33% of WBCs, nucleus is round stained dark violet, cytoplasm rim is visible, destroys cancer cells, secretes antibodies, and serves in immune memory

monocytes

3-8% of WBC count, nucleus is kidney-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, violet, differentiates into macrophages, abundant cytoplasm with fine nonspecific granules