Patho/Pharm: Exam 3 Alterations in Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas Function (Ch. 37)

what is chronic cholelithiasis

the formation of cholesterol stones in the gallbladder

what are the three factors in chronic cholelithiasis

1. supersaturation of bile with cholesterol

2. nucleation of crystals

3. hypo-motility, allowing stone growth

what are the 5 F’s of gallstones

Female, Fertile, Fat, Forty, Family History

what is the chief compliant from CC

• intermittent biliary colic (intense pain caused by blockage of bile

• symptoms may be precipitated by a meal, or at night, or spontaneously

how to diagnosis a CC

use of ultrasounds

what are the clinical manifestations of CC

• radiating pain from the back to the right shoulder blade

• pain on inspiration

what is acute cholecystitis

the acute inflammation of gallbladder wall

• related to continous gallstone formation

what are the clinical manifestations of AC

• abdominal tenderness and fever → characterized by severe upper right abdominal pain that radiates to the back

how to diagnose an acute cholecystitis

HIDA scan: an imaging procedure to evaluate the function of liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts

what is acute pancreatits

an inflammatory process involving the pancreas which may range from mild and inconveniencing to severe life threatening

• exocrine and endocrine functions remain impaired

how to diagnose AP

CT scan

what are the clinical manifestations of AP

• LUQ steady abdominal pain and abdominal distention

• nausea and vomiting

• low grade fever

what is chronic pancreatitis

the presence of chronic inflammatory lesions in the pancreas after the persistence of symptoms over weeks to months

• associated with alcohol use

what are the causes of CP

gallstones, smoking, and genetic factors

what are clinical manifestations of CP

epigastric pain, diabetes mellitus, malabsorption, and weight loss

what is pancreatic cancer

a highly fatal cancer that is difficult to diagnose and treat

• comprises of 2% of all cancers, but ranks fourth among deaths from all malignancies

• median survival is 12 months