History Notes

Censorship boards

________- To ban movies they found immoral.

Recall

________- Being able to remove public official by petition or a vote.

Ida Tarbell

________- History of the standard oil company; corrupt oil practices.

Fredrick W Taylor

________- The principles of scientific knowledge.

Bully Pulpit

________ "position of moral authority to get done what he wants to get done.

Muckrakers

________- Progressive journalists; the name given to them by Teddy Roosevelt; trying to expose the muck of America.

Definition

A reform movement concerned curing the ill caused by industrialization

Muckrakers

Progressive journalists; the name given to them by Teddy Roosevelt; trying to expose the muck of America

Jacob Riis

How the other half lives; Exposed the slums

Ida Tarbell

History of the standard oil company; corrupt oil practices

Initiative

When a designed number of voters petition to put something on the ballot

Referencium

when the elected votes up or down on the incentive item

Recall

Being able to remove public official by petition or a vote

17th Amendment

Allows voters to cast direct votes for U.S senators (ratified)

Fredrick W Taylor

The principles of scientific knowledge

Triangle Fire

March 25, 1911

The Sullivan-Hoey Fire Prevention Law

It required factory owners to install sprinkler systems, established the New York City Fire Prevention Bureau, and expanded the powers of the fire commissioner

Censorship boards

To ban movies they found immoral

18th Amendment

Prohibits Alcohol

1901

Assassination of McKinley

1902

Pennsylvania Coal Strike

1872

Yellowstone

1902

Newlands Reclamation Act

1908

National Conservation Commission

1916

National Park Service

Jacob Riis

How the other half lives; Exposed the slums

The Progressive Era

A reform movement concerned with curing the ill caused by industrialization

Initiative

When a designed number of voters petition to put something on the ballot

Referencium

when the elected votes up or down on the incentive item

17th Amendment

Allows voters to cast direct votes for U.S senators (ratified)

laissez-faire

allowing businesses to operate freely with little to no government interference

Nationalize industries

The government takes over the industries and they would be publicly owned

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Social Justice

fought to get alcohol banned, end child labor, improve working conditions, and make it safer

Robert La Follette’s “Wisconson Idea”

Direct Primary, Increase Taxes, Commissions for Regulations, Laws to curb lobbying, Labor legislation, Conservation of natural resources

Triangle Fire

March 25, 1911

The Sullivan-Hoey Fire Prevention Law

It required factory owners to install sprinkler systems, established the New York City Fire Prevention Bureau, and expanded the powers of the fire commissioner

Muller v Oregon (1908)

Challenged the 10-hour work day in Oregon; sided with Louis Brandies that 10-hour workdays have bad effects on people and their well being

Reforming efforts in cities

By 1920, about 50% of Americans lived in cities

National Conference on city planning

the first conference was held in 1909

Daniel Burnham

Architect; showed a plan to redesign Chicago

The Great Train Robbery

The first film to tell a story; produced in 1903

18th Amendment

Prohibits Alcohol

21st Amendment

Overturns the 18th amendment

Assassination of McKinley

1901

“Bully Pulpit”

position of moral authority to get done what he wants to get done

Pennsylvania Coal Strike

1902

Square Deal

conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.

Regulation of Railroads

Congress passed two laws

1903 Elluns Act

forbade shippers from accepting rebates

1906 Hepbarn Act

authorized the ICC to set railroad gates

Meat Inspection Act

makes it illegal to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under strictly regulated sanitary conditions.

Pure food and drug act

prohibited the interstate transport of unlawful food and drugs under penalty of seizure of the questionable products and/or prosecution of the responsible parties.

Yellowstone

1872

Division of Forestry

1881

Newlands Reclamation Act

1902

National Conservation Commission

1908

National Park Service

1916

Mann-Elkins Act

strengthened the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) over railroad rates.

Department of Labor

helps enforce labor laws

Sixteenth Amendment

The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and regard to any census or enumeration.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1909 in response to a call from Republican Pres. William Howard Taft for lower tariffs. His acceptance of a bill that failed to significantly decrease rates caused him to lose the support of the progressive wing of his party.

Richard Ballinger

mayor of Seattle

Underwood Tariff Act

re-established a federal income tax in the United States and substantially lowered tariff rates.

Federal Reserve Act of 1913

created a national currency and a monetary system that could respond effectively to the stresses in the banking system and create a stable financial system.

Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

banning the practices of price discrimination and anti-competitive mergers, the new law also declared strikes, boycotts, and labor unions legal under federal law. The bill passed the House with an overwhelming majority

Federal Trade Commission

regulate monopolies, eliminate unfair competition, and prevent the use of unfair or deceptive business practices

Federal Farm Loan Act

“to provide capital for agricultural development, to create a standard form of investment based upon farm mortgage, and to equalize rates of interest upon farm loans.”

Adamson Act

avoids a nationwide strike of railroad workers. The act sets an eight-hour work day and establishes overtime compensation for railroad workers, marking the first time the U.S. government regulates the labor conditions of non-government workers.

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

It banned the sale of products from any factory, shop, or cannery that employed children under the age of 14, from any mine that employed children under the age of 16, and from any facility that had children under the age of 16 work at night or for more than eight hours during the day.

National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

1890

19th Amendment

granted the women’s right to vote

Bosnia and Herzegovina

annexed by Austria Hungry and angered Serbia

Alsace-Lorraine

French land Germany took in 1871

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria Hungry, Italy

Triple Entente

Great Britain, Russia, France

The Balkans

an unstable region

June 28th, 1914

Franz Ferdinand and Sophie - both killed by Gavrilo Princip by gunshot in their open car

Gavrilo Princip

Killed Franz Ferdinand and Sophie, Members of the terrorist group the black hand from Serbia

Allied Powers

Germany, Austria Hungry, Bulgaria, The Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

Central Powers

Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Canada, Japan, United States

Germany’s Schlieffen Plan

Started making plans as early as 1905 - quickly defeat France and then shift east to fight Russia. Its armies were to sweep down through Belgium and northern France toward Paris, like a giant swinging door. On August 4, Germany invaded Belgium, violating its neutrality.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Believed the war would end before the leaves had fallen off the trees; Spent nearly 3 weeks fighting Belgium

General Joseph Joffre

Pushed troops to the Belgium border

The first battle of the Marne

German line fell back 40 miles, French and British launched a counter-offensive but were unable to dislodge the Germans

End of 1914

Leaders on both sides realized there would be no quick victory.

British and Russian connection

Was a descendant of Queen Victoria, Cousin was the Zhar of Russia

Philosophy

“world power or decline”

Brutal in Belgium

The Huns went through Belgium and murdered innocent civilians

What was the United States like at the beginning of WWI

Neutral

May 7, 1915

A German U-Boat sunk the Lusitania

May 4, 1916

Germany issued the Sussex pledge, Passenger ships would not be targeted merchant ships would not be targeted without establishing the presence of weapons on board

February 1, 1917

Germany Resent the Sussex pledge

April 2, 1917

Requested a declaration of war from congress

April 4, 1917

Congress voted on the declaration of war 86 yes 6 no

April 6, 1917

The House voted on the declaration of war

Jeannette Rankin

First woman to be elected into congress (Women in some states had the right to vote - it just wasn’t a federal law yet)

May 18, 1917

Selective Service Act - Gave the president power to draft soldiers

June 1917

The first American troops arrived in Europe under the command of Genral John J Pershing

Convoy System

a group of ships sailing together for protection

Paying for the war

the selling of bonds and taxes