Bone Quiz 1

Osteon 

Single structural unit of cortical bone

Osteoblast

Bone forming cells, produce protein like type I collagen. On surface of bones (endosteum and periosteum)

Osteoclast

Resorptive cells, found in Howship’s Lacunae

Lacunae

Tiny cavities in bone matrix that house osteocytes

Lamellar bone

Mature bone, highly organized tissue

Woven bone

Immature bone commonly found in neonates and embryos. Course-fibered with no uniform organization

Cancellous bone / Trabecular bone

3D branching lattice bone, typically at the end of long bones and cuboid bones

Cortical bone

Compact or dense bone, found in shafts of long bones and enveloping bones, bolster against predictable force

Osteocyte

Used to be osteoblasts now surrounded by bone matrix. In lacunae. Most numerous bone cell type. Projections to communicate with other cells.

Haversian canal

Central tubes of osteons in cortical bone that supply blood and nerves to osteocytes

Cannaliculi

Microscopic channels in tissues like bone that facilitate fluid, nutrient, and waste transport between cells.

Osteoid

Unmineralized bone matrix, mostly type I collagen. Produced by osteoblasts.

Volkmann's canal

Lateral canals between main haversian canals

Anisotropic mechanical properties

Mechanical properties differ depending on orientation of applied forces with greatesr strength parallel to the longitudinal axis of fibers

Isotropic mechanical properties

Mechanical behavior is similar regardless of direction

Composition of bone material

70% inorganic and 30% organic

Organic component of bones

Help determine the structure of bone, mostly non-cellular. Mostly type I collagen

Inorganic component of bone

Mostly calcium phosphate

Epiphysis

The end part of long bone

Diaphysis

The shaft/central part of long bone

Metaphysis

Transitional zone in a long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis, containing the growth plate and primarily composed of cancellous bone

Medullary Cavity

The middle cavity of the shaft of long bone where marrow is stored

Periosteum

Membrane that covers the outer surface of bones (except for joints)

Endosteum

A layer of connective tissue that lines the inner surfaces of bones

Articulations of frontal bone

2 parietals, 2 nasals, 2 maxillae, 2 lacrimals, 2 zygomatics, sphenoid, ethmoid

Articulations of parietals

Frontal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, parietal

Articulations of zygomatic

Temporal, sphenoid, frontal, maxilla

Articulations of occipital

Parietals, temporals, sphenoid, C1

Articulations of temporal

Occipital, parietal, zygomatic, sphenoid, mandible, stapes, incus, malleus

Articulations of nasal bone

Frontal, nasal, maxilla, ethmoid

Articulations of lacrimal

Ethmoid, maxilla, frontal, inferior nasal conchae