Quant concepts

What is the primary difference between experimental and non-experimental research?

Experimental research involves manipulation of an independent variable to establish cause and effect, while non-experimental research is observational and looks for relationships without manipulation.

What does IV stand for and what does it represent?

IV stands for Independent Variable, which is the variable that is manipulated or categorized in an experiment.

What are the four levels of measurement?

Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio.

What statistical test is used when the population standard deviation is known and the sample size is large?

The z-test.

What is the null hypothesis in statistical terms?

The null hypothesis (H_0) states that there is no effect or difference, implying that any observed differences are due to sampling error.

Define Type I error.

Type I error is the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis, also referred to as a false positive.

What is the relationship between sampling error and the null hypothesis?

Statistical tests assess whether observed differences exceed what would be expected due to sampling error from the null hypothesis.

List the measures of central tendency.

Mean, Median, Mode.

What does a larger sample size do to the standard error?

A larger sample size decreases the standard error, increasing the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis.

What is Cohen’s d used for?

Cohen’s d is used to measure the difference between means relative to the standard deviation in t-tests.