Pediatric Physical Therapy and Clinical Practice- PTA 100 Final Exam

What is developmental delay?

Development that does not occur within the expected age range

Why is family assessment important in pediatric PT?

The child is treated in the context of the family system

What is a major goal of pediatric PT intervention?

Help the child function in natural daily environments

What does neurodevelopmental treatment emphasize?

Movement quality + caregiver training

What does the Task-Oriented Movement Model use?

Goal-directed movement in task-specific environments

At what age does a child normally sit alone?

4-8 months

At what age does a child normally pull to stand?

5-12 months

At what age does a child normally walk alone?

9-17 months

What is developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?

Femoral head can slip in and out of the acetabulum

What is osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)?

"Brittle bone disease" from altered collagen formation

Who typically manifests Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Males

When does weakness usually begin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

3-5 years

What is spina bifida?

Faulty closure of the neural groove during the first month of pregnancy

Which type of spina bifida is not associated with disability?

Occulta

Which type of spina bifida can cause lower-body motor or sensory loss?

Meningomyelocele

What chromosome is affected in Down syndrome?

Chromosome 21 — trisomy 21

What is cerebral palsy (CP)?

A group of conditions affecting brain control of nerve and muscle activity

What are the main goals of pediatric adaptive equipment?

Positioning, mobility, and ADLs

Is adaptive equipment equivalent to therapy?

No

What can happen if adaptive equipment is overused?

It may slow motor development

What type of walker do ambulatory children tend to use?

Reverse walker

What is osteoarthritis?

Degeneration of cartilage

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Immune-system disease causing chronic joint inflammation

What is osteoporosis?

Decreased mineralization of bone

Why are hip fractures a major concern in older adults?

Osteoporosis + falls

What is static balance?

Balance while standing still

What is dynamic balance?

Balance while moving

What does the Functional Reach Test help predict?

Likelihood of falling

What does the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test help predict?

Falls

What is examination in the Patient/Client Management Model?

Gathering history, systems review, and tests/measures

What is evaluation in the Patient/Client Management Model?

Clinical judgment based on examination findings

What is diagnosis in the Patient/Client Management Model?

Categorization of examination findings

What is prognosis in the Patient/Client Management Model?

Prediction of improvement and time needed

What is intervention in the Patient/Client Management Model?

Procedures performed to achieve the desired outcome

What is outcome in the Patient/Client Management Model?

Results of the interventions and plan of care

Who performs the initial evaluation and develops the plan of care?

PT

Who has ultimate responsibility for physical therapy services?

PT

What can a PTA do within the plan of care?

Provide and modify delegated interventions

What is active range of motion (AROM)?

Patient voluntarily moves through the range

What is active-assisted range of motion (AAROM)?

Patient moves with assistance

What is passive range of motion (PROM)?

Movement provided manually or mechanically

Can a PTA perform soft-tissue mobilization?

Yes

In Pennsylvania, can a PTA perform joint mobilization?

No