Nat5 Chemistry

Time for a reaction to be completed - minutes or seconds

Baking a cake, gas exploding

Time taken for a reaction to be completed - days or hours

Baking a cake, digesting food, milk going sour

Time taken for a reaction to take place - years or months

Iron rusting

Time taken for a reaction to be completed - centuries or longer

Coal forming

How do you calculate average rate of reaction

Rate = ^quantity/^time

How can reactions happen faster?

Increase collisions taking place

Ways to increase number of collisions in a reaction

Decrease particle size (increasing surface area)

Increase temperature (or pressure)

Increase concentration

Add a catalyst

How to increase surface area for a reaction

Break up lumps into chips, Grind lumps into powder

How to increase concentration in a reaction

Increase the number of reactant particles in a given volume of space

What happens to the reaction when you increase temperature

All the reactant particles will have more energy and more speed

Why to use a catalyst

Speeds up the rate of reaction

What is a catalyst

Substances that speed up chemical reactions but can be recovered chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction

How do the variables aid a reaction

Speeds it up

How many atoms does an element have?

One

Name a solid

Iron, Gold, Silver

Name a liquid

Mercury, Bromine

Name a gas

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Name a naturally occurring element

Hydrogen, Iron, Nickle

Name an element made by scientists

Nobelum, Fermium, Uranium

Name an element that is a metal

Tin, Gold, Silver

Name an element that is a non-metal

Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen

What are Group 1 in the periodic table called?

Alkali metals

What is Group 7 in the periodic table called?

Halogens

What are Group 8 in the periodic table called?

Noble gases

What are the large block of elements in the periodic table called?

Translation Metals

Name the alkali metals

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caseium, Frandium

How are alkali metals stored?

In oils, In bottles, Atmosphere of Argon

What are some of the similar chemical properties of the alkali metals?

Low melting and boiling point, highly reactive, soft, can be cut easily, dissolve to make water alkaline

Name the halogens

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Asastine

What are some of the similar chemical properties of the halogens?

All reactive, Non metals

Name the noble gases

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon

What are the similar chemical properties of the noble gases?

Never react with other elements, very unreactive

Name a transition metal

Nickle, Copper, Silver, Gold

Name an element in the same period as copper

Iron

Are the alkali metals non metals or metals?

Metals

Are the alkali metals reactive or unreactive?

Reactive

Are the halogens metals or non metals?

Non metals

Are the halogens reactive or non reactive?

Reactive

Are the noble gases metals or non metals?

Non metals

Are the noble gases reactive or non reactive?

Non recative

What element is used in thermometers?

Mercury

What element is used in weather balloons?

Hydrogen, Helium

What element is used in swimming pools?

Chlorine

What element makes up about 80% of the air?

Nitrogen

What element makes up about 20% of the air?

Oxygen

What element is used to make jewellery?

Gold, Silver

What element is used as lead in pencils?

Graphite (carbon)

What element is used to make computer chips?

Silicon

What element is used in yellow street lamps?

Sodium

What element is named after a planet?

Mercury, Neptunium

What element is named after the scientist Albert Einstein?

Einsteineum

What element is named after an American State?

Californium

What is the symbol for hydrogen?

H

What is the symbol for carbon?

C

What is the symbol for iodine?

I

What is the symbol for nitrogen?

N

What is symbol for sulphur?

S

What is the symbol for vanadium?

V

What is the symbol for Chlorine?

Cl

What is the symbol for magnesium?

Mg

What is the symbol for calcium?

Ca

What is the symbol for scandium?

Sc

What is the symbol for argon?

Ar

What is the symbol for silicon?

Si

Where are the protons in an atom?

In the nucleus

Where are the neutrons in an atom?

In the nucleus

Where are the electrons in an atom?

Outside the nucleus

What is a protons mass?

1 a.m.u

What is a neutrons mass?

1 a.m.u

What is an electrons mass?

0 a.m.u

What is a protons charge?

+1

What is a neutrons charge?

0

What is an electrons charge?

-1

How can an atom be electrically neutral?

If the number of positive protons is equal to the number of negative electrons

An atom of helium has 2 electrons how many positive charges will be in its nucleus?

2 positive protons

How many electrons will there be in an atom which has a nucleus containing 7 positive charges?

7 electrons

How can you work out the mass number of an atom?

Protons + neutrons

How can you work out the number of neutrons of an atom?

Mass number - atomic number

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell?

2

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy level?

8

What is the maximum number of electrons in the third energy level?

8

How is nuclide notation written?

Mass number

Symbol

Atomic number

What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Chlorine has the isotopes 35CI and 37CI and it has a relative atomic mass of 35.5. What does that tell you about the proportions of the two isotopes?

There is more of 35CI than 37CI

How does a covalent bond hold two atoms together?

The attraction between the positive nucleus charge and the negative electron charge hold two atoms together

How are double covalent bonds formed?

A double covalent bond is formed when two negative electrons are attracted to a positive nucleus charge and that atom requires two electrons to become stable

What is a discrete covalent molecule?

A small number of atoms combined in fixed numbers

Name a discrete covalent molecule

H2O

What is a covalent network?

When the number of atoms joining together is huge and the number of atoms is not fixed and a giant lattice forms containing billions of atoms

Name a covalent network

SiO2

Name three covalent network elements

Silicon, Boron, Oxygen

Name two covalent network compounds

Silicon oxide, Silicon carbide

What is a diatomic element?

An element that contains two atoms

How do you remember the diatomic elements

HON7

What does HON7 stand for?

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Group 7

What shape is the first energy shell drawn as?

A sphere

What shape is the second and third energy shell?

A tetrahedral shape

What shape is the compound Hydrogen Chloride? HCl

Linear

What shape is the compound water? H2O

Bent, v-shaped

What shape is the compound ammonia? NH3

Pyramid