P3 Exam 2 - Epithelial and Connective Tissue

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of epithelial tissue?

A. Rich vascular supply

B. Cells are widely spaced with abundant extracellular matrix

C. Cells are tightly packed with minimal extracellular matrix

D. Composed mainly of collagen fibers

C. Cells are tightly packed with minimal extracellular matrix

The basement membrane of epithelial tissue is primarily composed of:

A. Type I collagen and elastin

B. Type IV collagen and laminin

C. Type II collagen and fibronectin

D. Actin filaments and keratin

B. Type IV collagen and laminin

Which epithelial type best describes the lining of the small intestine, specialized for absorption?

A. Simple squamous epithelium

B. Stratified squamous epithelium

C. Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli

D. Transitional epithelium

C. Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli

Which of the following is an example of columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells?

A. Endothelium lining blood vessels

B. Alveolar lining in lungs

C. Respiratory epithelium of the trachea

D. Epidermis of the skin

C. Respiratory epithelium of the trachea

Which junction between epithelial cells prevents paracellular transport (transport between cells) by creating a seal between cells?

A. Gap junction

B. Desmosome

C. Hemidesmosome

D. Tight junction

D. Tight junction

Which type of epithelial cell surface specialization increases surface area for absorption?

A. Cilia

B. Stereocilia

C. Microvilli

D. Flagella

C. Microvilli

Which statement best describes glandular epithelium?

A. Exocrine glands secrete into the bloodstream, while endocrine glands secrete onto surfaces

B. Endocrine glands release hormones into blood, while exocrine glands secrete via ducts

C. Both endocrine and exocrine glands require ducts for secretion

D. Both endocrine and exocrine glands secrete into the blood

B. Endocrine glands release hormones into blood, while exocrine glands secrete via ducts

Which of the following best explains why epithelia are considered avascular?

A. They lack a basement membrane

B. They receive nutrients via diffusion from underlying connective tissue

C. They contain only lymphatic vessels, not blood vessels

D. They rely on intercellular gap junctions for nutrient delivery

B. They receive nutrients via diffusion from underlying connective tissue

The main function of ciliated columnar epithelium in the respiratory tract is:

A. Secretion of surfactant

B. Propulsion of mucus and trapped particles

C. Rapid exchange of gases

D. Protection against dehydration

B. Propulsion of mucus and trapped particles

Stratified epithelium is most likely to be found in areas where ________ is required.:

A. Diffusion

B. Absorption

C. Secretion

D. Protection

D. Protection

Which of the following epithelial tissues would be most permeable for diffusion of gases and small molecules?

A. Simple squamous

B. Stratified squamous

C. Simple cuboidal

D. Simple columnar

A. Simple squamous

Hemidesmosomes function to:

A. Anchor epithelial cells to each other

B. Anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane

C. Allow intercellular ion passage

D. Prevent fluid leakage between cells

B. Anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of connective tissue compared to epithelial tissue?

A. Cells are tightly packed with little extracellular material

B. Abundant extracellular matrix relative to cells

C. Always avascular

D. Lining surfaces and cavities of the body

B. Abundant extracellular matrix relative to cells

The ground substance of connective tissue is primarily composed of:

A. Water, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

B. Elastin and collagen

C. Actin and myosin

D. Calcium phosphate crystals

A. Water, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Which of the following connective tissue cell types is responsible for synthesizing collagen and extracellular matrix proteins?

A. Fibroblast

B. Mast cell

C. Macrophage

D. Chondrocyte

A. Fibroblast

Which collagen type is most abundant in the human body and found in tendons, ligaments, and bone?

A. Type I

B. Type II

C. Type III

D. Type IV

A. Type I

Which type of connective tissue fiber provides elasticity and resilience to tissues such as skin and arteries?

A. Collagen fibers

B. Reticular fibers

C. Elastic fibers

D. Microtubules

C. Elastic fibers

Proteoglycans consist of:

A. Core protein with covalently attached glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

B. Core protein bound to elastin

C. Collagen fibrils linked to fibronectin

D. Actin filaments surrounded by hyaluronic acid

A. Core protein with covalently attached glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Which glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is NOT sulfated and exists freely (not covalently attached to a protein core)?

A. Chondroitin sulfate

B. Keratan sulfate

C. Dermatan sulfate

D. Hyaluronic acid

D. Hyaluronic acid

Dense regular connective tissue is best adapted for which of the following functions?

A. Withstanding tension in multiple directions

B. Withstanding tension in one primary direction

C. Shock absorption

D. Rapid diffusion of gases

B. Withstanding tension in one primary direction

Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue?

A. Tendons

B. Ligaments

C. Dermis of the skin

D. Elastic arteries

C. Dermis of the skin

Which specialized connective tissue stores triglycerides?

A. Hyaline cartilage

B. Adipose tissue

C. Elastic cartilage

D. Fibrocartilage

B. Adipose tissue

Which cell type is primarily responsible for allergic responses and inflammation in connective tissue?

A. Fibroblast

B. Plasma cell

C. Mast cell

D. Chondrocyte

C. Mast cell

In scurvy, impaired collagen synthesis results from a deficiency of:

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin B12

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin D

C. Vitamin C

Marfan syndrome is primarily caused by mutations in the gene encoding:

A. Collagen type I

B. Elastin

C. Fibrillin-1

D. Keratan sulfate

C. Fibrillin-1

Which type of cartilage is found in articular surfaces, costal cartilages, and respiratory passages?

A. Elastic cartilage

B. Hyaline cartilage

C. Fibrocartilage

D. Calcified cartilage

B. Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following best describes the clinical role of ground substance in connective tissue?

A. Provides contractile force for joint movement

B. Acts as a barrier and medium for diffusion of nutrients and wastes

C. Conducts electrical impulses across tissues

D. Generates red blood cells

B. Acts as a barrier and medium for diffusion of nutrients and wastes