Renaissance

What does Renaissance mean?

Rebirth

What years does Renaissance music generally cover?

c. 1450-1600

What ancient cultures influenced Renaissance art?

Greece and Rome

What region was the Franco-Flemish School from?

France, Belgium, and the Netherlands

What was the Franco-Flemish School also called?

Dutch School

Name one major Franco-Flemish composer.

Josquin des Prez

Name another Franco-Flemish composer.

Guillaume Dufay

What English musical style influenced Renaissance composers?

Contenance angloise

What intervals became especially favored in Renaissance music?

Thirds and sixths

What type of sound did thirds and sixths create?

Richer, consonant sound

What technique uses music to reflect the meaning of words?

Word painting

What secular genre became important in the 16th century?

Madrigal

What invention helped spread Renaissance music?

Printing press

Who published the first major printed music collection?

Ottaviano Petrucci

What was Ottaviano Petrucci's famous collection called?

Harmonice Musices Odhecaton

When did Ottaviano Petrucci's first major printed music collection appear?

1501

What musical style dominated the Renaissance?

Counterpoint

What is polyphony?

Multiple independent melodies

What is a cantus firmus?

A pre-existing melody

What is imitation in music?

A motive passed between voices

What is a point of imitation?

A series of thematic entries

What is homorhythmic texture?

Voices move in the same rhythm

What composer became the model for Renaissance counterpoint?

Palestrina

What is Renaissance counterpoint sometimes called?

Palestrina style

Who wrote the treatise Gradus ad Parnassum?

Johann Joseph Fux

When was Gradus ad Parnassum published?

1725

Who was the central figure of the Franco-Flemish School?

Josquin des Prez

What genres did Josquin des Prez compose?

Masses, motets, chansons, madrigals

What compositional techniques was Josquin des Prez known for?

Imitation and canon

How did Josquin des Prez connect music and text?

Through expressive word setting

What harmonic intervals did Josquin des Prez frequently use?

Thirds and sixths

What is paratactic form?

Different sections treated differently

What textures did Josquin des Prez often alternate?

Imitative and homorhythmic

Where did Josquin des Prez work?

Cathedrals and European courts

Who was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina?

Italian Renaissance composer

Where did Palestrina spend much of his career?

Rome

What type of music did Palestrina mainly compose?

Sacred music

What genres was Palestrina known for?

Mass, motet, madrigal

What did Palestrina's style emphasize?

Clarity and smooth counterpoint

What type of dissonance did Palestrina use?

Careful and controlled

What was Palestrina's style generally like?

Smooth and conservative

What type of melodic movement did Palestrina favor?

Steps and small leaps

What was Carlo Gesualdo famous for?

Chromaticism and dissonance

What genre was Carlo Gesualdo especially known for?

Madrigal

How many books of madrigals did Carlo Gesualdo write?

Six

What expressive techniques did Carlo Gesualdo use?

Chromaticism and word painting

Who admired Carlo Gesualdo's music?

Igor Stravinsky

What did Igor Stravinsky do with Carlo Gesualdo's madrigals?

Orchestrated them

Who was Thomas Morley's teacher?

William Byrd

What did Thomas Morley help popularize in England?

Italian madrigals

What book did Thomas Morley publish?

Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke

What year was Thomas Morley's treatise published?

1597

What style did Thomas Morley generally favor?

Balanced and restrained

What texture did Thomas Morley often favor?

Homophonic

Who was William Byrd?

English Renaissance composer

What religion did William Byrd practice?

Catholicism

What sacred languages did William Byrd compose in?

Latin and English

What church did William Byrd write English music for?

Church of England

What instrument was William Byrd important in developing?

Keyboard

What privilege did Queen Elizabeth give William Byrd in 1575?

Music-printing monopoly

What types of works did William Byrd write?

Masses, motets, anthems, keyboard music

What was the Franco-Flemish School known for?

Vocal polyphony

What contrapuntal technique flourished in the Franco-Flemish School?

Imitation

Who were three important Franco-Flemish composers?

Ockeghem, Josquin, Obrecht

What was the main texture of Franco-Flemish music?

Polyphonic

What genres were especially important to the Franco-Flemish School?

Mass and motet

What did the Renaissance motet become?

A sacred genre

What language was normally used in Renaissance motets?

Latin

How many voices were common in Renaissance motets?

Four

What type of text did Renaissance motets generally use?

A single text

How did the Renaissance motet differ from the Medieval motet?

It generally used one text

What technique was common in Renaissance motets?

Imitative counterpoint

What texture often contrasted with imitation in Renaissance motets?

Homorhythm

What intervals helped create richer Renaissance harmony?

Thirds and sixths

What was the 13th-century motet based on?

Cantus firmus

How many voices did many 13th-century motets have?

Three

Could 13th-century motets contain multiple texts?

Yes

What style influenced the 14th-century motet?

Ars nova

What technique was important in 14th-century motets?

Isorhythm

Did 14th-century motets use multiple texts?

Yes

What became standard for 15th-century motets?

Four voices

What did 15th-century motets generally use instead of multiple texts?

One Latin text

What is imitative counterpoint?

Polyphony using imitation

What does counterpoint literally mean?

Note against note

What does imitation mean in music?

Passing a motive between voices

What is a motive?

A short musical idea

What does homorhythmic texture create?

A chordal sound

Why does homorhythm help with text?

It makes words clearer

What is Ave Maria… virgo serena?

A Renaissance motet

Who composed Ave Maria… virgo serena?

Josquin des Prez

When was Ave Maria… virgo serena composed?

c. 1485

What language is Ave Maria… virgo serena in?

Latin

How many voices perform Ave Maria… virgo serena?

Four

Is Ave Maria… virgo serena vocal or instrumental?

Vocal

What is the texture of Ave Maria… virgo serena?

Polyphonic

What is the opening motive of Ave Maria… virgo serena based on?

Plainchant Ave Maria

How many quatrains are in the poem for Ave Maria… virgo serena?

Five

What does a quatrain contain?

Four lines

What surrounds the five quatrains in Ave Maria… virgo serena?

Two couplets

What technique opens Ave Maria… virgo serena?

Imitation