9: Cranial Nerve Nuclei

GSE information

innervates skeletal muscles (which derive from somites), next to midline

GVE information

innervates smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands, next to GSE

SVE information

innervates muscles derived pharyngeal (branchial) arches → muscles of pharynx, larynx, facial expression

GSE nuclei

oculomotor, trochlear, hypoglossal, abducens

GVE nuclei

Edinger-westphal, superior salivatory, inferior salivatory, dorsal vagal

SVE nuclei

facial motor, ambiguus, accessory, trigeminal motor

oculomotor nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

3: oculomotor nerve → eye movement, pupil control

trochlear nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

4: trochlear → eye movement

hypoglossal nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

12: hypoglossal → tongue control

abducens nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

6: abducens → eye movement

Edinger-westphal nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

3: oculomotor → movement of eyes/eyelid, pupil control

superior salivatory nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

7: facial → facial expression muscles, salivary glands, taste/smell

inferior salivatory nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

9: glossopharyngeal → throat muscles, salivary glands, 1/3 of tongue, sensing blood pressure in aorta

dorsal vagal nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

10: vagus → heart/lungs/abdominal organ control, pain from viscera, throat muscles

facial motor nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

7: facial → facial expression muscles, salivary glands, taste/olfaction

ambiguus nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

9: glossopharyngeal

10: vagus

→ throat muscles, salivary glands, heart/lung/abdominal muscle control, sense blood pressure in aorta

accesory nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

11: spinal accessory → throat and neck muscles

trigeminal motor nucleus associated with what cranial nerve, function

5: trigeminal → mandibular muscle control, sensation of touch to face

where is edinger-wesphal nucleus?

where is oculomotor nucleus?

where is trochlear nucleus?

where is trigeminal nucleus?

where is abducens nucleus?

where is facial motor nucleus?

where is superior salivatory nucleus?

where is inferior salivatory nucleus

where is hypoglossal nucleus?

where is dorsal vagal nucleus?

where is ambiguus nucleus?

where is accessory nucleus?

nuclei associated with cranial nerve 3 (oculomotor)

oculomotor, edinger-westphal

nuclei associated with cranial nerve 4 (trochlear)

trochlear

nuclei associated with cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)

trigeminal motor

nuclei associated with cranial nerve 6 (abducens)

abducens

nuclei associated with cranial nerve 7 (facial)

superior salivatory, facial motor

nuclei associated with cranial nerve 9 (glossopharyngeal)

inferior salivatory, ambiguus

nuclei associated with cranial nerve 10 (vagus)

dorsal vagal, ambiguus

nuclei associated with cranial nerve 11 (spinal accessory)

accessory

nuclei associated with cranial nerve 12 (hypoglossal)

hypoglossal

information carried in efferents v. afferents

efferents: motor info from basal plate derivatives

afferents: sensory info from alar plate derivatives

GVA info

input from internal organs, glands, blood vessels

SVA info

input from special (head only) chemical/visceral senses (taste, smell)

SSA info

non-visceral senses in head (vision, hearing balance)

GSA info

skin, muscle, tendon inputs

GVA nucleus

nucleus of solitary tract

SVA nucleus

nucleus of solitary tract

SSA nuclei

vestibular nucleus, cochlear nucleus

GSA nuclei

trigeminal nucleus (mesencephalic, principal, and spinal components)

nerves associated with nucleus of solitary tract for GVA

7 & 9 for gustatory rostral (facial, glossopharyngeal)

10 for caudal (vagus)

input from nerves of GVA

7, 9, 10 → sensation, taste (2/3 tongue), olfaction // 1/3 tongue (taste), detect pressure in carotid artery with baroreceptors // pain from viscera, CO2 & O2 aortic body

nerves associated with nucleus of solitary tract for SVA

gustatory rostral: 7, 9 (facial, glossopharyngeal)

input from nerves of SVA

7,9 → sensation, taste (2/3 tongue), olfaction // 1/3 tongue (taste), detect pressure in carotid artery with baroreceptors

nerves associated with vestibular and cochlear nuclei of SSA

8 (auditory-vestibular)

input from nerves of SSA

hearing, balance

nerves associated with GSA

5, 7, 9, 10 (trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)

input from nerves of GSA

sensation of touch to face // sensation, taste (2/3 tongue), olfaction // 1/3 tongue (taste), detect pressure in carotid artery with baroreceptors // pain from viscera, CO2 & O2 aortic body

where is trigeminal nucleus

where is vestibular nucleus

where is cochlear nucleus

where is nucleus solitarius

major fiber tracts throughout entire brainstem

corticospinal-pyramidal, trigeminal, spinothalamic-anterolateral, posterior column-medial lemniscus

input/outputs and info of corticospinal-pyramidal fiber tract

descending fiber/efferent goes from cortex to spine on contralateral side

carries info about voluntary motor control (motor function)

input/outputs and info of trigeminal fiber tract

ascending and descending fibers on ipsilateral sides

carries info about touch in face sensation and jaw movement

input/outputs and info of spinothalamic-anterolateral system

ascending fiber/afferent goes from spine to thalamus

carries info about pain and temperature

input/outputs and info of posterior column-medial lemniscus system

ascending fiber/afferent from spinal cord upwards to thalamus

carries info about touch, vibration, proprioception from body to thalamus

reticular formation location/setup

meshwork of cells distributed across the brainstem, midbrain to medulla

reticular formation controls…

sleep/wake cycle, consciousness via ascending reticular activating system

issues may cause coma

reticular formation main information carried and what it manages

pain modulation

respiration, cardio functions, swallowing, vomiting, muscle tone, voluntary and involuntary movement

raphe nuclei main function and controls…

releases serotonin to rest of the brain

controls vigilance/alertness, circadian rhythms, emotional state regulation (mood, anxiety, stress), pain contro;

cranial nerve nuclei specifically in the midbrain

motor

• GSE: oculomotor (3) and trochlear (4)

• GVE: edinger-westphal (3)

sensory

• mesencephalic trigeminal (5)

non-nuclei/nerve structures found specifically in the midbrain

tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncle/crus cerebri

tectum parts and info

superior colliculus: visual info

inferior colliculus: auditory info

tegmentum parts and info

red nucleus and substantia nigra → motor system

cerebral peduncle/crus cerebri parts and info

descending fibers/efferents from cortex towards motor centers in brainstem and spinal cord → motor function

midbrain blood supply

almost exclusively from posterior cerebral artery (PCA) branches P1 and P2

label rostral midbrain with: edinger-westphal nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, superior colliculus, substantia nigra (pars reticulata, pars compacta), red nucleus

label caudal midbrain with: cerebral aqueduct, inferior colliculus (pericentral, external, central nucleus), corticospinal fibers, substantia nigra, crus cerebri

efferent/motor cranial nerve nuclei in pons

GSE → abducens (VI)

GVE → superior salivatory (VII), inferior salivatory (IX)

SVE → trigeminal motor (V), facial motor (VII)

afferent/sensory cranial nerve nuclei in pons

GSA → sensory trigeminal principal AND spine (receive from V)

SSA → vestibular and cochlear (receive from VIII)

non-nuclei/nerve structures specific to the pons

basal pontine nuclei, superior olivary nucleus

basal pontine nuclei function and input/output

motor function; receive motor input from cortex and send it to cerebellum

superior olivary nucleus function and input/output

auditory function; compares auditory info from both ears to locate source of sound

blood supply to pons, medial to lateral

basilar artery branches; paramedian, short circumferential, long circumferential

label rostral pons with: mesencephalic tract and nucleus, trochlear nerve, middle cerebellar peduncle, pontine nuclei, corticospinal fibers

label caudal pons with: abducens nuclei, vestibular nuclei (superior, medial, lateral), abducens nerve, pontine nuclei, spinal trigeminal nucleus (AKA pars oralis), spinal trigeminal tract, facial nerve, and corticospinal fibers

efferent/motor cranial nerve nuclei in medulla

GSE: hypoglossal (origin of XII)

GVE: dorsal motor vagal (X)

SVE: nucleus ambiguus (IX, X)

afferent/sensory cranial nerve nuclei in medulla

GSA: spinal trigeminal nucleus (receives afferents from V)

SSA: vestibular and cochlear nuclei (receive afferents from VIII)

SVA: solitary nucleus (receive info from VII, IV)

GVA: solitary nucleus (receive info from X)

non-nuclei/nerve structures specific to medulla

inferior olivary nuclei

dorsal column nuclei

pyramids

inferior olivary nuclei function/info

motor coordination, processes info from position of muscles in body and send to cerebellum

dorsal column nuclei info/location

somatosensory information from spinal cord to thalamus

pyramids info/location

descending motor fibers from cortex toward spinal cord

label rostral medulla with: cochlear nuclei (posterior, anterior), spinal trigeminal nucleus (pars oralis), spinal trigeminal tract, pyramid/corticospinal fibers, principal olivary nucleus, solitary tract, solitary nucleus

label middle medulla with: principal olivary nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus, dorsal motor vagal nucleus

label caudal medulla with: gracile nucleus, cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus (pars caudalis), spinal trigeminal tract

blood supply to medulla

primarily from vertebral artery branches (bottom/sides) and posterior interior cerebellar artery branches (upper/sides)