Cambridge IELTS 8: Boost Vocabulary

chronicle (n) /kɹˈɒnɪkə‍l/

biên niên sử; bản ghi theo thời gian. Syn: a written record, history, story of historical events. Ex: The passage uses "chronicle" in its original context.

timekeeping (n) /tˈa‍ɪmkiːpɪŋ/

việc đo/ghi thời gian. Syn: —. Ex: H Today, highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most electronic devices.

advent (n) /ˈadvɛnt/

sự xuất hiện; sự ra đời. Syn: —. Ex: A According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting.

co-ordinate (n/v) /kˈə‍ʊˈɔːdɪnət/

tổ chức, quản lý, trực tiếp, làm; tạo ra đa dạng, riêng biệt các thứ hoạt động; làm việc cùng nhau. Syn: organize, manage, direct, to make various, separate things work together. Ex: A According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting.

communal (adj) /kəmjˈuːnə‍l/

chung, phổ biến, công cộng, liên quan hoặc thuộc về tất cả người sống cụ thể; đặc biệt. Syn: shared, common, public, relating or belonging to all the people living in a particular. Ex: A According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting.

regulate (n/v) /ɹˈɛɡjuːlˌe‍ɪt/

điều chỉnh. Syn: control, adjust, standardize. Ex: A According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting.

solar (adj) /sˈə‍ʊlə/

thuộc Mặt Trời. Syn: from the sun, relating to the sun. Ex: They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.

axis (n/v) /ˈaksɪs/

trục. Syn: —. Ex: They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.

lunar (adj) /lˈuːnə/

thuộc Mặt Trăng. Syn: —. Ex: They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.

orbit (n/v) /ˈɔːbɪt/

hình tròn, revolve xung quanh, di chuyển; đi lại xung quanh, đi xung quanh. Syn: circle, revolve around, travel around, go around. Ex: They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.

artificial (adj) /ˌɑːtɪfˈɪʃə‍l/

nhân tạo. Syn: man-made, synthetic, non-natural. Ex: B Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social impact.

equator (n) /ɪkwˈe‍ɪtə/

xích đạo. Syn: —. Ex: And, for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning was more conspicuous than the passing of the seasons.

wax and wane (n phrase/collocation) /wˈaks and wˈe‍ɪn/

tăng và giảm theo thời gian. Syn: —. Ex: And, for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning was more conspicuous than the passing of the seasons.

conspicuous (adj) /kənspˈɪkjuːəs/

rõ ràng, rõ ràng, dễ nhận thấy. Syn: obvious, clear, noticeable. Ex: And, for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning was more conspicuous than the passing of the seasons.

latitude (n) /lˈatɪtjˌuːd/

vĩ độ. Syn: the distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees. Ex: Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year.

clime (n/v) /klˈa‍ɪm/

zone, vùng, nơi; địa điểm cụ thể; đặc biệt loại khí hậu. Syn: —. Ex: In more northern climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year became more crucial.

crucial (adj) /kɹˈuːʃə‍l/

then chốt. Syn: vital, fundamental, essential, important, necessary, key. Ex: In more northern climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year became more crucial.

formulate (n/v) /fˈɔːmjʊlˌe‍ɪt/

phát minh, tạo ra, làm; tạo ra, phát triển. Syn: invent, create, make, develop. Ex: C Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days added to approximate the solar year.

municipal (adj) /mjuːnˈɪsɪpə‍l/

thuộc thành phố. Syn: civic, public, community; Ant: private. Ex: C Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days added to approximate the solar year.

decan (n) /dɪkˈan/

decans egyptian 36 các nhóm các ngôi sao nhỏ chòm sao được sử dụng cổ xưa egyptian thiên văn học. Syn: —. Ex: Each period of ten days was marked by the appearance of special groups of stars called decans.

cosmic (adj) /kˈɒzmɪk/

thuộc vũ trụ. Syn: —. Ex: The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts.

interval (adj) /ˈɪntəvə‍l/

intermission, interlude, phá vỡ. Syn: intermission, interlude, break. Ex: The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts.

temporal hours (n phrase/collocation) /tˈɛmpəɹə‍l ˈa‍ʊ‍əz/

đơn vị thời gian được sử dụng trong quá khứ được chia daylight vào bằng nhau số lượng hours. Syn: —. Ex: These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons.

duration (n) /djʊ‍əɹˈe‍ɪʃən/

chiều dài thời gian vật/điều gì đó cuối cùng. Syn: —. Ex: These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons.

equinox (n/v) /ˈɛkwɪnˌɒks/

solstice, một trong hai lần; thời điểm năm khi night và ngày bằng nhau chiều dài. Syn: —. Ex: Summer hours were long, winter ones short; only at the spring and autumn equinoxes were the hours of daylight and darkness equal.

adopt (n/v) /ɐdˈɒpt/

chấp nhận, phê duyệt, thực hiện, áp dụng. Syn: accept, approve, implement, apply; Ant: reject. Ex: Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who disseminated them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.

disseminate (n/v) /dɪsˈɛmɪnˌe‍ɪt/

lan rộng, publish, distribute. Syn: spread, publish, distribute. Ex: Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who disseminated them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.

track (n/v) /tɹˈak/

đường; theo dõi. Syn: follow, trace, pursue. Ex: D In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials, which indicate time by the length or direction of the sun's shadow.

sundial (adj) /sˈʌnda‍ɪ‍əl/

vật thể; đối tượng được sử dụng trong quá khứ nói; cho biết thời gian. Syn: —. Ex: D In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials, which indicate time by the length or direction of the sun's shadow.

drip (n/v) /dɹˈɪp/

rụng; giảm, đến out, leak. Syn: drop, come out, leak; Ant: stream. Ex: One of the first water clocks was a basin with a small hole near the bottom through which the water dripped out.

denote (n/v) /dɪnˈə‍ʊt/

chỉ ra, đại diện; biểu thị, đề cập; chỉ đến. Syn: indicate, represent, refer to; Ant: connote. Ex: The falling water level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface.

dip (n/v) /dˈɪp/

nhúng, nhúng; đắm chìm, đặt vật/điều gì đó vào chất lỏng rất ngắn thời gian và lấy; thực hiện out lại. Syn: —. Ex: The falling water level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface.

inscribed (adj) /ɪnskɹˈa‍ɪbd/

engrave, carve, cẩn thận cắt, print hoặc viết vật/điều gì đó. Syn: engrave, carve, to carefully cut, print or write on smt. Ex: The falling water level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface.

satisfactory (adj) /sˌatɪsfˈaktəɹi/

pleasing, hợp lý, có thể chấp nhận, đủ; thích hợp. Syn: pleasing, reasonable, acceptable, adequate; Ant: unsatisfactory. Ex: The passage uses "satisfactory" in its original context.

arise (v) /ɐɹˈa‍ɪz/

phát sinh. Syn: rise, ascend, appear; Ant: retire. Ex: The passage uses "arise" in its original context.

evolve (v) /ɪvˈɒlv/

phát triển/tiến hóa dần. Syn: change, grow, advance, to develop and change gradually over a long period of time. Ex: With these, however, arose the question of when to begin counting, and so, in the early 14th century, a number of systems evolved.

scheme (n/v) /skˈiːm/

kế hoạch. Syn: plan, idea, method. Ex: The schemes that divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and 'great clock' hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight.

divide (n/v) /dɪvˈa‍ɪd/

chia. Syn: split, separate, distribute, allocate; Ant: join. Ex: The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts.

astronomical (adj) /ɐstɹənˈɒmɪkə‍l/

thuộc thiên văn. Syn: —. Ex: The schemes that divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and 'great clock' hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight.

supersede (n/v) /sˈuːpəsˌiːd/

thay thế, supplant, displace. Syn: replace, supplant, displace. Ex: Eventually these were superseded by 'small clock', or French, hours, which split the day into two 12- hour periods commencing at midnight.

commence (n) /kəmˈɛns/

bắt đầu, bắt đầu, bắt nguồn. Syn: start, begin, originate. Ex: Eventually these were superseded by 'small clock', or French, hours, which split the day into two 12- hour periods commencing at midnight.

weight-driven mechanical clock (n phrase/collocation) /wˈe‍ɪtdɹˈɪvən mɪkˈanɪkə‍l klˈɒk/

đồng hồ sử dụng con lắc. Syn: —. Ex: F The earliest recorded weight-driven mechanical clock was built in 1283 in Bedfordshire in England.

descend (n/v) /dɪsˈɛnd/

downward, giảm; rơi, rụng; giảm, đi xuống. Syn: downward, fall, drop, go down. Ex: The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; It was the part called the escapement.

escapement (n) /ɛskˈe‍ɪpmənt/

mảnh; phần máy móc đồng hồ từ lò xo; mùa xuân hoặc trọng lượng bánh xe. Syn: —. Ex: The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; It was the part called the escapement.

mainspring (n) /mˈe‍ɪnspɹɪŋ/

hầu hết quan trọng lò xo; mùa xuân quan sát hoặc đồng hồ. Syn: —. Ex: In the early 1400s came the invention of the coiled spring or fusee which maintained constant force to the gear wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing tension of its mainspring.

pendulum (n) /pˈɛndjʊləm/

con lắc. Syn: —. Ex: By the 16th century, a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc and thus was not very efficient.

the anchor escapement (n phrase/collocation) /ðɪ ˈankəɹ ɛskˈe‍ɪpmənt/

một loại escapement được sử dụng con lắc đồng hồ. Syn: —. Ex: It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship's anchor.

escape wheel (n phrase/collocation) /ɛskˈe‍ɪp wˈiːl/

có răng bánh xe escapement quan sát hoặc đồng hồ. Syn: —. Ex: The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount.

precise (adj) /pɹɪsˈa‍ɪs/

chính xác. Syn: exact, correct, accurate. Ex: The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount.

original (adj) /əɹˈɪd‍ʒɪnə‍l/

ban đầu; nguyên bản. Syn: initial, earliest (existing or happening first). Ex: To address this, a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670, in England.

permit (n) /pˈɜːmɪt/

cho phép. Syn: allow, enable, facilitate. Ex: Unlike the original form used in early pendulum clocks, the anchor escapement permitted the pendulum to travel in a very small arc.

accurate (n/v) /ˈakjʊɹət/

chính xác. Syn: correct, precise, exact. Ex: H Today, highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most electronic devices.

a quartz-crystal clock (n phrase/collocation) /ɐ kwˈɔːtskɹˈɪstə‍l klˈɒk/

đồng hồ sử dụng điện tử bộ dao động điều chỉnh thạch anh tinh thể giữ; duy trì thời gian. Syn: —. Ex: Nearly all computers contain a quartz-crystal clock to regulate their operation.

beam down (n phrase/collocation) /bˈiːm dˈa‍ʊn/

giao thông; vận chuyển ai đó hoặc từ tàu vũ trụ sử dụng đặc biệt điện tử thiết bị. Syn: —. Ex: Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids.

calibrate (n/v) /kˈalɪbɹˌe‍ɪt/

standardize, điều chỉnh, điều chỉnh. Syn: standardize, adjust, regulate. Ex: Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids.

precision (n) /pɹɪsˈɪʒən/

độ chính xác. Syn: accuracy, exactness, correctness. Ex: Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids.

navigation (n) /nˌavɪɡˈe‍ɪʃən/

định tuyến, direction-finding khoa học hoặc công việc lập kế hoạch cách cần đi khi di chuyển; đi lại từ một nơi; địa điểm một cái/người khác. Syn: —. Ex: Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids.

integral (adj) /ˈɪntɪɡɹə‍l/

được kết nối, trung tâm, bên trong, hình thành cần thiết một phần của vật/điều gì đó. Syn: connected, central, internal, forming a necessary part of something. Ex: So integral have these time-based technologies become to day- to-day existence that our dependency on them is recognised only when they fail to work.

dependency (n/v) /dɪpˈɛndənsi/

reliance, enslavement, craving. Syn: reliance, enslavement, craving. Ex: So integral have these time-based technologies become to day- to-day existence that our dependency on them is recognised only when they fail to work.

establishment (n) /ɪstˈablɪʃmənt/

tìm thấy; thành lập, khởi động; phát động, sự tạo ra. Syn: founding, launch, creation. ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of. Ex: An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested.

the United States (n phrase/collocation) /ðə juːnˈa‍ɪtɪd stˈe‍ɪts/

quốc gia cơ quan có thẩm quyền; chuyên gia với năng lượng; sức mạnh điều chỉnh tất cả khía cạnh flying máy bay. Syn: —. Ex: An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested.

congested (adj) /kənd‍ʒˈɛstɪd/

đông đúc; tắc nghẽn. Syn: full of traffic, overfilled, blocked, crowded; Ant: empty, #clear. Ex: An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested.

procedure (n) /pɹəsˈiːd‍ʒə/

quy trình. Syn: process, way, method. Ex: The resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly increased the safety of flight in the United States, and similar air traffic control procedures are also in place over much of the rest of the wor B Rudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well before the Grand Canyon disaster.

rudimentary (adj) /ɹˌuːdɪmˈɛntəɹi/

cơ bản, elementary, đơn giản, cơ bản; nền tảng. Syn: basic, elementary, simple, fundamental; Ant: advanced. Ex: The resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly increased the safety of flight in the United States, and similar air traffic control procedures are also in place over much of the rest of the wor B Rudimentary air traffic control (ATC) existed well before the Grand Canyon disaster.

manually (adv) /mˈanjuːə‍li/

tay, về thể chất. Syn: by hand, physically; Ant: mental. Ex: As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross- country routes to establish the earliest airways.

vicinity (of something) (n phrase/collocation) /vɪsˈɪnɪti ɒv sˈʌmθɪŋ/

khu vực lân cận, locality, surrounding khu vực. Syn: neighborhood, locality, surrounding area. Ex: As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross- country routes to establish the earliest airways.

beacon (n/v) /bˈiːkən/

tín hiệu, dấu hiệu, warning nhẹ. Syn: signal, sign, warning light. Ex: As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross- country routes to establish the earliest airways.

purely (adv) /pjˈʊ‍əli/

toàn bộ, wholly, hoàn toàn, hoàn toàn. Syn: entirely, wholly, totally, completely; Ant: partly. Ex: However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the 1930s, radio communication was something approximating today's ATC was New York City, with other major metropolitan areas following soon after.

metropolitan (n/v) /mˌɛtɹəpˈɒlɪtən/

đô thị. Syn: urban, municipal, civic. Ex: However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the 1930s, radio communication was something approximating today's ATC was New York City, with other major metropolitan areas following soon after.

regulation (n) /ɹˌɛɡjuːlˈe‍ɪʃən/

kiểm soát, guideline, sự điều chỉnh, quy tắc. Syn: control, guideline, adjustment, rule. Ex: It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America's airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast planes, reducing pilots' margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.

fortuitous (adj) /fɔːtjˈuːɪtəs/

lucky, fortunate, miraculous. Syn: lucky, fortunate, miraculous. Ex: It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America's airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast planes, reducing pilots' margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.

jet engine (n phrase/collocation) /d‍ʒˈɛt ˈɛnd‍ʒɪn/

động cơ đẩy out dòng nóng không khí và khí phía sau, được sử dụng máy bay. Syn: —. Ex: It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America's airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast planes, reducing pilots' margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.

margin of error (n phrase/collocation) /mˈɑːd‍ʒɪn ɒv ˈɛɹə/

mức độ phép tính hoặc sai. Syn: —. Ex: It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America's airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast planes, reducing pilots' margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air.

consist of (phrasal verb/collocation) /kənsˈɪst ɒv/

bao gồm; gồm có. Syn: comprise, be made up of, be compose of, comprise, make up. Ex: D Many people think that ATC consists of a row of controllers sitting in front of their radar screens at the nation's airports, telling arriving and departing traffic what to do.

realise (v) /ɹˈi‍əla‍ɪz/

nhận ra, hiểu, hiểu. Syn: recognize, understand, comprehend; Ant: misunderstand. Ex: The FAA realised that the airspace over the United States would at any time have many different kinds of planes, flying for many different purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the same kind of structure was needed to accommodate all of them.

accommodate (v) /ɐkˈɒmədˌe‍ɪt/

thích nghi, acclimatize, điều chỉnh. Syn: adapt, acclimatize, adjust. Ex: The FAA realised that the airspace over the United States would at any time have many different kinds of planes, flying for many different purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the same kind of structure was needed to accommodate all of them.

put into effect (phrasal verb/collocation) /pˌʊt ˌɪntʊ ɪfˈɛkt/

làm; tạo ra kế hoạch hoặc ý tưởng xảy ra. Syn: —. Ex: E To meet this challenge, the following elements were put into effect.

virtually (adv) /vˈɜːt‍ʃuːə‍li/

gần như, gần như, gần. Syn: almost, nearly, near. Ex: First, ATC extends over virtually the entire United States.

blanket (v) /blˈaŋkɪt/

che phủ vật/điều gì đó với dày lớp. Syn: —. Ex: In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace.

bind (n/v) /bˈa‍ɪnd/

yêu cầu, lực, oblige. Syn: require, force, oblige. Ex: The passage uses "bind" in its original context.

recreation (n) /ɹˌɛkɹiːˈe‍ɪʃən/

fun, niềm vui, niềm vui, tốt lớn; tuyệt vời thời gian, blast, entertainment, relaxation, leisure. Syn: —. Ex: In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by ATC can easily enter the controlled airspace.

impose (v) /ɪmpˈə‍ʊz/

lực, yêu cầu, obey, làm; tạo ra quy tắc. Syn: force, require, obey, make rules. Ex: In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by ATC can easily enter the controlled airspace.

afford (v) /ɐfˈɔːd/

cho; cung cấp, cung cấp; đề nghị, cung cấp, cho phép. Syn: give, offer, provide, allow. Ex: In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by ATC can easily enter the controlled airspace.

meteorological (adj) /mˌiːtɪˌɔːɹəlˈɒd‍ʒɪkə‍l/

khí quyển, khí hậu, thời tiết. Syn: atmospheric, climatic, weather. Ex: In good meteorological conditions, flying which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety.

necessitate (n/v) /nəsˈɛsɪtˌe‍ɪt/

thiết yếu, yêu cầu, cần, nhu cầu. Syn: essential, require, need, demand. Ex: Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane's instrument panel to fly safely.

cue (n/v) /kjˈuː/

tín hiệu, dấu hiệu, clue. Syn: signal, indication, clue. Ex: In good meteorological conditions, flying which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an acceptable level of safety.

altitude (n/v) /ˈaltɪtjˌuːd/

độ cao. Syn: —. Ex: Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane's instrument panel to fly safely.

navigation (n) /nˌavɪɡˈe‍ɪʃən/

direction-finding, steering, định tuyến. Syn: direction-finding, steering, routing. Ex: Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane's instrument panel to fly safely.

devise (n/v) /dɪvˈa‍ɪz/

kế hoạch, phát triển, tạo ra, thiết lập. Syn: plan, develop, create, set up. Ex: On a clear day, a pilot in controlled airspace can choose a VFR or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were devised in a way which accommodates both VFR and IFR operations in the same airspace.

possess (n/v) /pəzˈɛs/

riêng, giữ, giữ; duy trì. Syn: own, have, hold, keep; Ant: lack. Ex: However, a pilot can only choose to fly IFR if they possess an instrument rating which is above and beyond the basic pilot's license that must also be held.

designate (n/v) /dˈɛzɪɡnˌe‍ɪt/

elect, label, entitle, define. Syn: elect, label, entitle, define. Ex: G Controlled airspace is divided into several different types, designated by letters of the alphabet.

stem from (phrasal verb/collocation) /stˈɛm fɹɒm/

bắt nguồn từ. Syn: arise from, originate from, come from. stem. Ex: The reason for the division of Class E and Class A airspace stems from the type of planes operating in them.

turboprop (n/v) /tˈɜːbəpɹˌɒp/

máy bay trở nên; nhận năng lượng; sức mạnh từ loại động cơ. Syn: —. Ex: Generally, Class E airspace is where one finds general aviation aircraft (few of which can climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial turboprop aircraft.

realm (n) /ɹˈɛlm/

khu vực, không gian, phạm vi, lĩnh vực; cánh đồng relm. Syn: area, space, range, field. relm. Ex: Above 5,490m is the realm of the heavy jets, since jet engines operate more efficiently at higher altitudes.

instrumentation (n) /ˌɪnstɹəməntˈe‍ɪʃən/

đặt; thiết lập dụng cụ được dùng để giúp kiểm soát máy. Syn: —. Ex: The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation.

correspond (n/v) /kˌɒɹɪspˈɒnd/

realate, tally, liên kết, match lên. Syn: realate, tally, link, match up. Ex: These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations.

encompass (n/v) /ɛnkˈʌmpəs/

bao gồm, che phủ, chứa. Syn: include, cover, contain; Ant: exclude. Ex: These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations.

rigorous (adj) /ɹˈɪɡəɹəs/

chính xác, cẩn thận, chính xác. Syn: precise, careful, accurate. Ex: These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations.

explicit (n/v) /ɛksplˈɪsɪt/

rõ ràng, chính xác, chính xác. Syn: clear, precise, exact; Ant: implicit. Ex: No explicit permission from ATC to enter is needed, although the pilot must continue to obey all regulations governing VFR flight.

govern (n/v) /ɡˈʌvən/

quy tắc, oversee, quản lý, kiểm soát, điều chỉnh. Syn: rule, oversee, manage, control, regulate. Ex: Three other types of airspace, Classes D, C and B, govern the vicinity of airports.