Antimicrobial resistance

what is MPC

mutant prevention concentration

what is esbl

extended-spectrum beta lactamases

what is a persister state?

when the bacteria goes dormant in sub-therapeutic levels and then grows back later

what is a physical barrier cuasing AMR

biofilm

what is the name of an infection from a hospital

nosocomial infection

what is cross resistance and what is it like

multiple drug resistance MDR single mechanism causing lots of different types of AMR

give examples of altered drug target sites

altered ribosomal protein

ribosomal blockade

ribosomal RNA methylation

ribosomal protection

insensitive dihydropteroate and dihydrofolate

altered cell wall stem peptide

what are the two types of efflux pump

primary active transporters

secondary active transporters

what are the types of resistance in terms of origin

innate

mutational

extrachromosomal, chromosomal or acquired

phenotypic - persister

physical mechanism

what other characteristics could come with AMR

colonisation

persistence

survive harsh environment

disinfectant resistance

where else can you find antimicrobials

chopping boards

fridge

work surface

dish cloth

heavy metals

disinfectants

what is metranidasol

kills lots of pathogens like bacteria and parasites

what is a bacteirostatic

prevents growth and reproduction of bacteria

60%

existing human infectious diseases are zoonotic

impacts of antibiotic resistance

health

welfare

economic

superbug

reduced spectrum and ultimately no drugs

after surgery and dry cow therapy type

prophylactic