Philosophy Unit 1 quiz

What is Philosophy?

Philosophy = “Love of wisdom”

The systematic attempt to understand the most fundamental questions often about: Knowledge, truth, existence, morality and human nature.

Argument

In philosophy, an argument is not a fight. It is a set of reasons intended to support a conclusion. They help us determine whether a belief is reasonable.

Important principle

The more well-founded a belief is, the more likely it is to lead us to toward the truth.

The goal of philosophy

A common misconception: Philosophy tries to make us doubt everything.

The real goal is: To examine beliefs, to justify beliefs, to make beliefs truly our own.

Metaphysics

Studying the nature of reality. (Going “beyond” the physical)

Epistemology

The study of knowledge

Absolution

One objective truth

Relativism

Many truths. ( Everything is relative )

Ethics

The application of principles or morality within a certain situation.

Egoism

Selfishness is and should be the life principle. Self-interest or self-benefit should come first.

Conclusion

The statement that the argument is trying to prove or establish. = SO WHAT?

Premise

A statement that gives evidence or reasons to support an argument. = WHY?

Altruism

Selflessness is an ideal.

Skepticism

he idea of questioning whether something is actually true or whether we can really know it.

Objective

Based on facts or reality rather than personal opinions or feelings.

Subjective

Based on a person's own thoughts, feelings, opinions, or experiences.

Ignorance

lacking knowledge or awareness about something.

Characteristics of a self-actualised person

Flexibility, purpose, moral standards, independent thinker and creativity

Socratic method / dialect

The Socratic Method is a way of learning by asking questions and examining answers instead of simply giving someone the answer.

Dialectic is a method of finding the truth through discussion, questioning, and examining opposing ideas.

Socrates

Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher who focused on questioning people's beliefs to search for truth.

• Used the Socratic Method

• Asked questions instead of simply giving answers

• Believed recognizing your own ignorance was important for gaining knowledge

• He did not write books himself; much of what we know about him comes from Plato's writings

Plato

lato was a student of Socrates and another famous ancient Greek philosopher.

• He wrote philosophical dialogues featuring Socrates

• Developed the idea of Forms, where the physical things we see are imperfect versions of deeper, unchanging realities.

• His writings explore knowledge, truth, justice, reality, and the ideal society.

Allegory of the cave

The Allegory of the Cave is a story created by Plato to explain the difference between appearance and true knowledge.

Aristotle

Aristotle was a student of Plato and another major ancient Greek philosopher.

He studied many areas, including:

• Logic

• Ethics

• Politics

• Science

• Metaphysics

He believed that we can gain knowledge by observing the world and using reason. In ethics, he developed the idea of virtue ethics, which focuses on developing good character and habits.