DNA- Biology A level

DNA and RNA are both …..

macromolecules, Polymers

Individual units of DNA and RNA are called …

nucleotides.

Structure of the nucleotide

composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

What are the different Nitrogenous bases

in DNA include adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, while in RNA, uracil replaces thymine.

What are purines

nitrogenous bases with a two-ring structure, including adenine and guanine.

What are pyrimidines

Nitrogenous bases with a single ring structure such as cytosine, thymine and uracil

What bonds are formed in-between the sugar and base

glycosidic bond

What bonds are formed in-between the sugar and the phosphate

phosphodiester bonds

What bonds join the DNA strands

Hydrogen bonds

How is genetic diversity provided

By the variation in the sequence of bases in the molecules of DNA

What differs DNA from RNA

DNA: double stranded , deoxyribose sugar, Thymine nitrogenous base RNA: single stranded, ribose sugar, Uracil nitrogenous base

Messenger RNA:

Copy of DNA made in the nucleus -complimentary

Small = can leave via nuclear pores

single strand = can form a single helix

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