RADT 101 Test 1

Explain the use of radiation in medicine

Medical radiation uses energy to create images of the human body

Provide an overview of the history of medicine

-The timeline goes back 5,000 years

-Hippocrates is considered the "Father of Western Medicine"

-Scientific method was applied to medicine in the 17th century

-Louis Pasteur discovered the role of the germs in the disease process

-Antibiotic vaccines were discovered in the 20th century

-Human genetic code (DNA) discovered in the mid-20th century

Describe the discovery of x-rays.

-Discovered by Wilhelm C. Rontgen on November 8, 1895

-He received the Nobel prize in physics in 1901

-First known x-ray image is of his wife's hand

Radiation

Energy that is transmitted by waves through a medium

Energy

The capacity to operate or work

Ionization

Any process by which a neutral atom gains or loses an electrons, thus acquiring a net charge

Diagnostic Medical Sonography

The field of study that creates anatomical images by reflecting recorded sound waves

Nuclear medicine technolgy

Uses this type of energy to create images of both an atomic and physiological structures

X-rays

A human-made form of electromagnetic energy that are created when electrons moving at high speed are suddenly stopped

Radiography

The making of records, known as radiographs, of internal structures of the body by passage of x-rays or gamma rays through the body to act on

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Branch of radiology that introduces radioactive substances into the body for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

Bone Densitometry (BD)

measurement of bone density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to detect osteoporosis

Commuted topography (CT)

Recording of a predetermined plane in the body using an x-ray beam that is measured, recorded, and then processed by a computer for display on a monitor

Cardiac Interventional Radiography (CI)

Radiologic procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system

Echocardiography

Ultrasonographic imaging of the heart and associating vasculature

Mammography

Radiography of the breasts

Explain the opportunities within the professions of radiologic and imaging sciences

-Credentialed specialties

-Radiology administration

-Education

-Research

-Commercial entities: sales, applications, services, biomedical engineering

Identify the various specialties within a radiologic and imaging sciences team

-Bone Densitometry (BD)

-Breast sonography (BS)

-Cardiac interventional radiography (CI)

-Cardio-vascular interventional (CV)

-Computed tomography (CT)

-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)

-Mammography (M)

-Quality Management (QM)

-Nuclear Medicine Technology (N)

-Radiation Therapy (T)

-Radiography (R)

-(Registered Radiologist Assistant (R.R.A)

-Sonography (S)

-Vascular sonography (VS)

-Vascular Interventional Radiography (VI)

Describe the typical responsibilities of the members of the radiologic and imaging sciences team

The members of the radiology team are responsible for aiding the physician in determining the presence or absence of a disease or condition

Explain the career-ladder opportunities within the professions of radiologic and imaging sciences

Many departments such as CT, MRI, CVIT, mammography, sonography, and quality management have supervisory positions. There are also upper management positions, such as chief technologist

Discuss the roles of other members of the health care team

Other members of the health care team include: medical doctors (MD) and doctors of osteopathy (DO); nurses (RN) and (LPN), who directly work with patients and medical laboratory technicians (MLT) ho work in laboratories and are responsible for performing tests and analyzing results; therapists who specialize in many different areas and serve to help patients overcome some forms of physical and psychological disability; and health information technologists, who help with the efficient operation of the health care facility

Differentiate accreditation, certification, and representation functions of various professional organizations

Accreditation to an institution for a program of study is attained from a Joint Review Committee (the JRCERT, for example), which *provides the application, standards, and site visitors* for the accrediting process.

Certification is the responsibility of the radiologic technology student to undergo a process through which an agency (such as the ARRT) grants recognition upon completing an examination to demonstrate their specialized professional skills. Annual certification fees must also be paid in order to continue recognition within the agency.

Various professional organizations may include those for radiologic technology (the ASRT and the AHRA, for example) or for radiologists and physicists (such as the AAPM and the AMA). These organizations provide their members with conferences, newsletters and journals, representation to the public and to governmental bodies, and many other benefits, such as further education and scholarships.

Describe the organizations that carry out the professional aspects of a scientific radiologic and imaging sciences area of specialization

The international Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (ISMRM) is an example of a professional organization that serves its members who have chosen to specialize in ISMR within the field of radiologic technology. The ISMR promotes communication between members, research development actions, and the availability of information in the field of MRI and spectroscopy

Describe the relationship of various radiologist and physicist organizations with radiologic technology

Many of the organizations for radiologists and physicists, such as the AAPM and the AMA, are closely linked with the profession of radiologic technology. For instance, the AAPM holds its annual conjunction with the RSNA, and the AMA regulates aspects of the allied health profession, which includes radiologic technology

ASRT

American Society of Radiologic Technologists

AIERS

Association of educators in Imaging and Radiologic Sciences

AHRA

American Healthcare Radiology Administrators

JRC

Joint Review Committee

AART

American Registry of Radiologic Technologists

ARDMS

American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers

NMTCB

Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board

JRCERT

Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology

JRC-CVT

joint review committee on education in cardiovascular technology

JRCDMS

Joint Review Committee on Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonography

JRCNMT

Joint Review Committee on Education in Nuclear Medicine Technology

Accreditation

Voluntary peer-review process through which an agency grants recognition to an institution for a program of study that meets specified criteria

Certification

a voluntary process through which an agency grants recognition to an individual on demonstration, usually by examination, of specialized professional skills

Essentials and Guidelines

Document specifying the minimum quality standards for the accreditation of an educational program as approved by the appropriate joint review committee sponsors

Joint Review Committee (JRC)

group of persons appointed by sponsoring organizations to oversee the accreditation process

Licensure

process by which a government agency (usually a state) authorizes individuals to work in a given occupation

Registry

List of individuals holding certification in a particular profession

Sponsoring organization

Professional organization that appoints members to a joint review committee board

Standards

Document specifying the minimum requirements for accreditation of an educational program by a joint review committee

Discuss the symptoms of stress

Stress can be caused by deadlines, over demanding or unsupportive friends and family members, over commitment, poor organizational skills, health problems, lack of confidence, and traffic. The symptoms of stress include repeated colds, ulcers, muscle stiffness, elevated cholesterol, excessive sleeping, irritability, and headaches

Explain behavior and thoughts that increase the fight or flight response

-Out of control language

-Being disorganized

-Holding onto thoughts of worry

Analyze behavior interventions that can be used to reduce or buffer stress

-Exercising

-Eating nutrient-rich foods

-Visualize or meditate

Describe several survival techniques to reduce srress

-Plan positive activities called uplifts

-Practice language that reflects choice and express control over a situation

-Prioritize events

Enumerate steps to manage time through organization, limit setting, and self-evaluation

-Know when you are most effective

-Prioritize me delegate responsibility

-Plan and schedule activities

-Schedule time for relaxation

Explain the benefits of uplifts in relation to hussle

Uplifts provide opportunity to experience joy, happiness, positive self-concept, optimism, and sense of well-being

Identify foods that can be eaten to supply the body nutritionally with additional vitamin C, vitamin B complex, and magnesium

-Vitamin C: dark green leafy vegetables, fruits, broccoli, potatoes, and tomatoes

-Vitamin B: bananas, lean meat, poultry, milk, eggs, whole grains

-Magnesium: bananas, fish, nuts, whole grains

Foster study techniques to enhance retention and to build information into complex concepts

-Review the material as soon after it is introduced

-Use as many senses as possible

-Plan a regular schedule of study

-Study in a group

-Attitude helps remembering

List the steps you need in order to be successful

-Take the day off from studying before the test

-Wear bright colored clothes to boost your mood and alertness

-Avoid a diet full of carbohydrates

-Get a good night's sleep before the test

-Get to the test early

-Scan the test

-Review your test

-When the test is over, put it behind you

Define critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking is creative action based on professional knowledge and experience involving sound judgment applied with high ethical standards and integrity

Problem solving is the ability to answer questions in a methodic manner to resolve a challenging situation

Discuss the importance of critical thinking and problem solving in the radiologic sciences

Not every patient will be the perfect textbook patient, and equipment may not always work the way you want it to; therefore, a radiologic technologist must develop vital critical thinking and problem solving skills in order to keep everyone's safety as the top priority even in the midst of stress and possible inconvenience

Describe the role of critical thinking in clinical, ethical, and technical decision making

-Clinical setting: deal with situations that arise

-Ethic setting: make the right decisions regarding patient safety and radiation safety

-Technical setting: when a patient cannot comply to the normal procedure protocol

Use the steps involved in problem solving

I will identify the problem, investigate the problem, formulate viable solutions to the problem, and select the best solution

Apply teamwork and self-reflection in critical thinking and problem solving

Teamwork is most effective with the establishment of group rules and group roles to foster effective group processes. Peer evaluation is also helpful. These team-based activities allow for great opportunities for self-reflection

Analyze and determine appropriate actions for situations that require critical thinking.

Any time a situation arises that requires a difficult or uncomfortable decision, one must apply these steps: identify the problem, investigate the problem, formulate viable solutions to the problem, and select the best solution

Identify professional situations that use critical-thinking and problem-solving skills.

An example of a professional situation that would require critical thinking would be in the case of deciding whether you should allow your patient to stand if they say they are feeling a bit weak

Develop critical-thinking and problem-solving skills as a radiologic sciences professional

These skills are often developed during role playing activities and during clinical activities

Define terms that relate to the clinical education of radiologic and imaging sciences professions

-Clinical: Describes procedures and activities that occur in the clinical or hospital setting

-Didactic: Describes informational and instructional activities that may occur in informal or formal settings

-Laboratory: serves as the bridge between clinical and Rita tic curriculum

Explain the purpose of the clinical education in radiologic and imaging sciences

It allows for the observation, assistance, and performance requirements for the completion of diagnostic medical procedures

Describe the steps students may experience in the development of their clinical education skills

Observing, then assisting, and finally performing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures

Identify the types of supervision necessary to assure safety in the clinical setting

Direct and Indirect

Describe the aspects of assessment used to measure and document student performance during clinical education

Students are assessed via complementary evaluations for specific procedures or treatments

Explain the importance of policies of adherence to clinical education policies regarding supervision and patient safety

Policies and procedures typically involve appropriate supervision, procedure performance, assessments, radiation protection practices, ethics, HIPPA, attendance, and pregnancy

Explain the communication strategies and steps taken by health care workers in the clinical setting to assure continuity of care and patient safety

Team STEPPS, SBAR, and IPE are approaches that focus on standardization and safe practice in proving quality patient care

Describe the aspects of Team STEPPS and SBAR as they support teamwork and positive patient outcomes in the clinical setting

Teamwork and communication

Describe the concept of inter professional education (IPE) and its relevance to the education of healthcare professions and have a collaborative work ethic

They learn with, about, and from each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes

Affective

one of the three major categories or domains of learning; includes behaviors guided by feelings and emotions that are influenced by an individual's interests, attitudes, values, and beliefs

Assist

activities in clinical that aid or support the performance of radiographic procedures and therapeutic treatments

Clinical

procedures and activities that occur in outpatient and inpatient health care settings

Clinical Coordinator

program official responsible for coordinating clinical education and evaluation of its effectiveness

Clinical Instructor

program official responsible for clinical instruction, supervision, and evaluation of students in the clinical setting

Clinical Staff

health care professionals employed in the clinical setting where students participate in clinical education and provide clinical supervision and guidance

Competency

observable successful achievement of performance objectives

Didactic

Informational and instructional activities that may occur in formal or informal settings, typically in the classroom, laboratory, or online

Direct Supervision

oversight of clinical procedures or treatment by a qualified professional present in the exam or treatment room with the student

Indirect supervision

oversight of clinical procedures by a qualified professional immediately available to the student

Interprofessional Education

An approach to teaching students and healthcare workers where students or members of two or more professions learn with, from, and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of patient care

Learning Outcomes

program level measurable expectations for student learning

Objectives

topical concise descriptions of an observable behavior to be achieved by students as a result of their educational experiences within a course or educational module

Observe

activities in clinical where students watch and listen to the performance of radiographic procedures and therapeutic treatments

Program Director

program official that provides leadership for the program and ensures program effectiveness

Perform

activities in clinical where students complete radiographic procedures and therapeutic treatments with appropriate supervision of a qualified professional

Psychomotor

one of the three major categories or domains of learning; includes behaviors involving physical actions, neuromuscular manipulations, and coordination

SBAR (situation-background-assessment-recommendation)

A communication method used to assure an effective handoff of patients from one healthcare worker to another

TeamSTEPPS (Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety)

an evidence-based teamwork system that is used in many healthcare institutions to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of healthcare

Transfer of learning

learning in one context and applying it to another

Provide an overview of the administration of a hospital radiology department and the structure of hospital organization

The administration of a radiology department include the radiology administrator who serves closely with the medical director and also oversees the various section leaders within the department. Additionally, there is the department chair of radiology, who is the department's link to the formal organization of the medical staff.

Describe how the radiology department fits into and complements the hospital enviroment

The radiology department is a subset of the larger organization that shares the same focus on the hospital mission to serve patients and has similar needs to those of the larger environment

Understand the role of the radiology administrator

Oversee Asset Management and ensure that equipment, services, and products meet current needs and are ready for use

Discuss the transition from traditional functions of management to the requirements of managing radiology in the current health care environment

Current trends such as CQI, TQM, and PI emphasized the improvement of services as an ongoing process

Describe agencies that affect radiology

-Joint Commission (JC): regulates the quality and safety of care provided to patients and the way a healthcare organization is supervised and operated

-State health organizations: define rules to protect the health and safety of the patients or clients of a health care facility or provider

-Nuclear regulatory commission (NGC): licensing agencies for the control of equipment and technologists

-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): the federal agency that establishes standards for safety in the workplace

Discuss the characteristics of desirable applicants for employment in radiology

-Strong technical skills

-Excellent teamwork skills

-Customer service orientated

-Good communication skills

-Professional attitude

-Good work ethic

-Integrity and character

-Maintains professional certification

Adverse Drug Event (ADE)

injuries, large or small, caused by the use (including nonuse) of a drug; can be as harmless as a drug rash or as serious as death from an overdose; the two types of ADEs are those caused by errors and those that occur despite proper use

American College of Radiology (ACR)

A professional medical society that has accredited more than 39,000 facilities in 10 imaging modalities to assist organizations in meeting governmental and third-party payer criteria; provides practice guidelines to improve patient safety practices in radiology services

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)

System of development in the workplace for daily improving performance at every level in every operational process by focusing on meeting or exceeding customer expectation

Department

unit of the hospital with specific functions or specialized skills such as housekeeping, surgery, radiology, or accounting

department chair

physician who represents a department or service and sits as a formal member of the executive medical staff committee; responsible for all of the medical operations of a hospital department and may also oversee a residency training program