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to eat / I eat / I ate
syödÀ / minÀ syön / minÀ söin
to drink / we drink / we drank
juoda / me juomme / me joimme
to buy / you buy / you bought
ostaa / sinÀ ostat / sinÀ ostit
to speak / he speaks / he spoke
puhua / hÀn puhuu / hÀn puhui
to sleep / they sleep / they slept
nukkua / he nukkuvat / he nukkuivat
Did you eat at a restaurant?
Söitkö sinÀ ravintolassa?
What did you do yesterday?
MitÀ sinÀ teit eilen?
to study / you (plural) study / you (plural) studied
opiskella / te opiskelette / te opiskelitte
to go / I go / I went
mennÀ / minÀ menen / minÀ menin
to need / he needs / he needed
tarvita / hÀn tarvitsee / hÀn tarvitsi
to want / they want / they wanted
haluta / he haluavat / he halusivat
to clean / he cleans / he cleaned
siivota / hÀn siivoaa / hÀn siivosi
to grow old / I grow old / I grew old
vanheta / minÀ vanhenen / minÀ vanhenin
I studied Finnish and cleaned the whole house.
MinÀ opiskelin suomea ja siivosin koko talon.
I just slept and played video games.
MinÀ vain nukuin ja pelasin videopelejÀ.
to read / I read (past tense) / he read (past tense)
lukea / minÀ luin / hÀn luki
to understand / you understood / they understood
ymmÀrtÀÀ / sinÀ ymmÀrsit / he ymmÀrsivÀt
to know / I knew / he knew
tietÀÀ / minÀ tiesin / hÀn tiesi
to give / I gave / they gave
antaa / minÀ annoin / he antoivat
I read a book the whole evening.
MinÀ luin kirjaa koko illan.
Did you understand everything?
YmmÀrsitkö sinÀ kaiken?
I learned many new words.
MinÀ opin monia uusia sanoja.
I laughed / I did not laugh / we did not laugh
minÀ nauroin / minÀ en nauranut / me emme nauraneet
you slept / you did not sleep / you (plural) did not sleep
sinÀ nukuit / sinÀ et nukkunut / te ette nukkuneet
I didnât hear the phone.
MinÀ en kuullut puhelinta.
to hear / I heard / I didnât hear
kuulla / minÀ kuulin / minÀ en kuullut
you come / you came / you did not come
sinÀ tulet / sinÀ tulit / sinÀ et tullut
to visit (to go to) / I visit / I visited
kÀydÀ / minÀ kÀyn / minÀ kÀvin
suffix indicating âonâ or âduringâ
-na
Did you eat? / Was it you who ate?
Söitkö sinÀ? / SinÀkö söit?
I visited (went to) Turku.
MinÀ kÀvin Turussa.
It was good. / It was not good.
Se oli hyvÀÀ. / Se ei ollut hyvÀÀ.
to dress / to dress oneself / I dress myself
pukea / pukeutua / minÀ pukeudun
I wake up at six, but I get up at seven.
MinÀ herÀÀn kuudelta, mutta minÀ nousen seitsemÀltÀ.
to wake up / to get up
herÀtÀ / nousta
reflexive verb endings
-utua, -ytyÀ
I comb my hair.
MinÀ kampaan minun hiukseni.
to wash / to wash onself / they wash themselves
pestÀ / peseytyÀ / he peseytyvÀt
last week
viime viikolla
last month
viime kuussa
last year
viime vuonna
the day before yesterday (âon the other dayâ)
toissapÀivÀnÀ
in the morning (in past tense)
aamulla
last night
viime yönÀ
Did you go out last weekend/week?
KÀvitkö sinÀ viime viikonloppuna/viikolla?
We went to the movies the day before yesterday.
Me kÀvimme elokuvissa toissapÀivÀnÀ.
eye / ear / mouth / nose
silmÀ / korva / suu / nenÀ
hand / hands / leg / legs
kÀsi / kÀdet / jalka / jalat
neck / back / stomach / heart
kaula / selkÀ / vatsa / sydÀn
sick, sore, painful
kipeÀ
finger / fingers / toe / toes
sormi / sormet / varvas / varpaat
My back is jammed.
Minun selkÀni on jumissa.
patient (person seeking healthcare)
potilas
doctor / doctors
lÀÀkÀri / lÀÀkÀrit
Whatâs the trouble?
MikÀ vaivaa?
I have a severe headache and a fever.
Minulla on kova pÀÀnsÀrky ja kuumetta.
Is your throat sore? No it isnât, but I have a runny nose.
Onko sinun kurkkusi kipeÀ? Ei ole, mutta minulla on nuha.
Clear. You have the flu. Rest and drink water.
SelvÀ. Sinulla on flunssa. LepÀÀ ja juo vettÀ.
symptom / symptoms
oire / oireet
a cough / to cough
yskÀ / yskiÀ
My throat is sore.
Minun kurkkuni on kipeÀ.
sick / hospital / sick-leave
sairas / sairaala / sairasloma
to swim / I swim / I swam
uida / minÀ uin / minÀ uin
I was at the cottage with the family.
MinÀ olin mökillÀ perheen kansa.
We had a sauna (sauna-ed) and we swam in the lake.
Me saunoimme ja uimme jÀrvissÀ.
The water was surely cold!
Vesi oli varmasti kylmÀÀ!