Module 3 Anat Lab

What are the cranial bones

• Frontal

• Parietal (2)

• Temporal (2)

• Occipital

• Sphenoid

• Ethmoid

What are the Facial bones

• Nasal (2)

• Lacrimal (2)

• Zygomatic (2)

• Maxilla (2)

• Vomer

• Mandible

• Inferior nasal concha (2)

• Palatine (2)

What are all of the parts of the Frontal Bone

• Glabella

• Supraorbital foramen/Supraorbital notch

• Superciliary arch

• Supraorbital margin

• Frontal eminence

• Frontal paranasal sinus

What are all the parts of the Parietal Bone

• Parietal eminence

• Temporal lines

What are all the parts of the Occipital Bone

• External occipital protuberance

• Superior nuchal lines

• Inferior nuchal lines

• Occipital condyles

• Foramen magnum

• Hypoglossal foramen

What are all of the foramens?

• foramen magnum

• hypoglossal foramen

• external acoustic meatus

• internal acoustic meatus

• stylomastoid foramen

• jugular foramen

• carotid canal

• foramen lacerum

• optic foramen

• superior orbital fissure

• foramen rotundum

• foramen ovale

• foramen spinosum

• cribriform foramen

• supraorbital foramen

• infraorbital foramen

• nasolacrimal canal

• mandibular foramen

• mental foramen

What are the parts of the temporal bone?

• petrous ridge

• squamous part

• external acoustic meatus

• internal acoustic meatus

• mastoid process

• styloid process of temporal bone

• stylomastoid foramen

• zygomatic process

• mandibular fossa

• jugular foramen

• carotid canal

• foramen lacerum

what are the parts of the sphenoid bone

• greater wings

• lesser wings

• body

• Pterygoid process

  • lateral pterygoid plate

  • medial pterygoid plate

  • pterygoid fossa

• sella turicica

• optic foramen

• superior orbital fissure

• foramen rotundum

• foramen ovale

• foramen spinosium

• spenoidal paranasal sinus

what are the parts of the ethmoid bone

• perpendicular plate

• lateral masses

• superior nasasl concha

• middle nasal nasal concha

• ethmoidal paranasal sinuses

• crista galli

• cribriform plate

• cribriform formina

What are the parts of the zygomatic bone

• Temporal process of zygomatic bone

what are the parts of the maxilla?

• palatine process

• lacrimal groove

• infraorbital foramen

• alveolar processes

• alveolar margin

• maxillary paranasal sinus

What are the parts of the palatine bone

• Horizontal plate

What are the parts of teh lacrimal bone

• lacrimal groove

• nasolacrimal canal

what are the parts of the mandible

• body

• ramus

• angle

• mandibular notch

• coronoid process of mandible

• condylar process

• mandibular foramen

• mental foramen

• alveolar process

• alveolar margin

• mental protuberance

What are the 3 composite structures

• Zygomatic arch

• Bony nasal septum

• Hard palate

what are the parts of the zygomatic arch

• temporal process of the zygomatic bone

• zygomatic process of temporal bone

what are the parts of the bony nasal septum

• vomer

• perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

what makes up the hard palate

• horizontal plate of the palatine bone

• palatine process of the maxilla

what is the anatomical name of the joint between the frontal and parietal bones

coronal suture

what is the structural classification of the coronal suture

Fibrous, suture

what is the functional classification of the coronal suture

synarthrosis

what is the joint between the parietal bones

sagittal suture

what is teh structural classification of the sagittal suture

fibrous, suture

what is the functional classification of the sagittal suture

synarthrosis

what is the articulation of the joint between the temporal and parietal bone

squamous suture

what is the structural classification of the squamous suture

fibrous suture

what is the functional classificication of the squamous suture

synarthrosis

what is the joint between occipital bone and parietal bone

lambdoid suture

what is the structural classification of the lambdoid suture

fibrous, suture

what is the functional classification of the lambdoid suture

synarthrosis

what is the articulation between the alveolar margins and processes of the mandible and maxilla (made of dense connective tissue)

alveolar process

what is the structural classification of the alveolar process

fibrous, gomphosis

what is the functional classification of the alveolar process

synarthrosis

what is the anatomical name of the joint in between the superior articular facet of teh atlas and occiptal condyles of the occipital bones

atlanto-occiptal joint

what is the structural classification of the atlanto-occipital bone

synovial, condylar

what is the functional classification of the atlanto-occipital joint

diarthrosis

what is the joint between the head of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of temporal bone and the head of the manible on the articular tubercle of temporal bone

temporomandibular joint

what is the structural classification of the temporomandibular joint

synovial hinge and synovial plane

what is the functional classification of the temporomandibular joint

diarthrosis

what are the 3 cranial fossas

• anterior cranial fossa

• middle cranial fossa

• posterior cranial fossa

what part of the brain is housed in the anterior cranial fossa

frontal lobe

what part of the brain is housed in the middle cranial fossa

temporal lobe

what is the part of teh brain that is housed in the posterior cranial fossa

cerebellum

what are the 3 skull cavities

• cranial cavity

  • houses the brain

• orbital cavity

  • with superior and inferior orbital fissures, each houses an eye

• nasal cavity

  • with superior, middle, and inferior nasal meati; and bony nasal septum

what are the paranasal sinuses

• Frontal paranasal sinus

• Maxillary paranasal sinus

• Sphenoidal paranasal sinus

• Ethmoidal paranasal sinuses

what is the bone that is not a skull bone and does not articulate with any other bone

• hyoid bone

  • associated with swallowing msucles

What are all of the parts of the fetal skull

• frontal eminence

• parietal eminence

• metopic suture

• anterior fontanelle

• posterior fontanelle

• sphenoidal fontanelle

• mastoidal fontanelle

what structures pass through the cribriform foramina

olfactory n. CN 1

what structures pass through the optic canal/foramen

Optic n. CN II

what structures pass through the superior orbital fissure

• oculomotor n. CN III

• Trochlear n. CN IV

• Trigeminal n. ophthalmic branch CN V1

• Abducens n. CN VI

What structures pass through the foramen rotundum

Trigeminal n. maxillary branch CN V2

What structures pass through the foramen ovale

Trigeminal n., mandibular branch CN V3

What structures pass through the Internal acoustic meatus

• Facial n. CN VII

• Vestibulocochlear n. CN VIII

What structures pass through the stylomastoid foramen

Facial n. CN VII

What structures pass through the jugular foramen

• glossophalageal n. CN IX

• Vagus n CN X

• Accessory n. CN XI

• Internal jugular vein

• Hypoglossal n. CN XII

what structures pass through the carotid canal

internal carotid artery

what structures pass through the foramen lacerum

internal carotid artery passes along superior aspect to enter cranial vault

what structures pass through the foramen magnum

spinal cord and vertebral arteries and vertebral veins

What are the 2 structures of the scalp

• epicranius (aka occiptofrontalis)

• epicranial aponeurosis

What is the origin and insertion of the epicranius

• Origin: nuchal lines of the occipital bone

• Insertion: skin of forehead

Epicranial aponeurosis

• aka galea aponeurotice

• provides an attachment for the frontalis and occipitalis muscles

What are the Muscles of the face or mimetic muscles

• Frontalis

• Occipitalis

• Orbicularis oculi

• Buccinator

• Orbicularis oris

What is the muscle that is located in the anterior belly of the epicranius

Frontalis

what is the origin and insertion of the frontalis

Origin: epicranial aponeurosis

Insertion: skin of the forehead

What is the action of the frontalis

raises eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead

what is the innervation of the frontalis

Facial n. CN VII

what is the muscle that is located in the posterior belly of the epicranius

occipitalis

what is the origin and insertion of the occipitalis

Origin: superior nuchal line

Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis

what is the action of the occipitalis

retracts scalp

what is the innervation of the occipitalis

Facial n. CN VII

what is the origin and insertion of the obricularis oculi

Origin: medial margin of orbit

Insertion: skin of eyelids

what is the action of orbicularis oculi

sphincter; closes eye, wink, blink, squint

What is the innervation of orbicularis oculi

facial n. CN VII

What is the origin and insertion of the buccinator

Origin: Alveolar processes of mandible and maxilla

Insertion: Orbicularis oris

what is the action of the buccinator

compresses cheek, holds food between teeth during chewing

what is the innervation of the buccinator

Facial n. CN VII

What is the origin and insertion of orbicularis oris

Origin: maxilla, mandible, other facial muscles

Insertion: Skin and muscles at angle of mouth

What is the action of the orbicularis oris

sphincter; compresses and purses lips, “kissing” muscle

What is the innervation of the orbicularis oris

Facial n. CN VII

What are the muscles of mastication

• Temporalis

• Masseter

What is the origin and insertion of the temporalis

Origin: temporal lines

Insertion: coronoid process of mandible

What is the action of the temporalis?

Elevates, retracts mandible

What is the innervation of the temporalis?

Trigeminal n. mandibular branch CN V3

What is the origin and insertion of the masseter?

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Angle of mandible

what is the action of the masseter

elevates, protracts mandible

what is the innervation of the masseter

Trigeminal n. mandibular branch CN V3

What are the neck muscles

• Trapezius

• Platysma

• Sternocleidomastoid

What is the origin and insertion of trapezius?

Origin: Occipital bone; ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes C7-T12

Insertion: Clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

What is the action of the trapezius?

elevates, retracts scapula

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

Accessory n. CN XI

What is the Origin and insertion of the Platysma

Origin: Fascia of deltoid and pectoralis major, acromion of scapula

Insertion: skin of cheek and mandible

What is the action of the platysma

Pulls lower lip inferiorly, tenses skin of neck

what is the innervation of the platysma

Facial n. CN VII

What is the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Origin: Manubrium, sternal end of clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

• Unilateral action = lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side

• Bilateral action = flexion of head/neck

what is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Accessory n. CN XI

What are all of the Lobes

• Frontal

• Parietal

• Occipital

• Temporal

• Insular

What are the major sulci and fissures

• Longitudinal fissure

• Central sulcus

• Parieto-occipital sulcus

• Lateral sulcus/fissure

• Transverse fissure

What structure is housed in the anterior cranial fossa

frontal lobe

what structure is housed in the middle cranial fossa

temporal lobe