Central Nervous System

Gyrus

Raised ridge or hill of cerebrum

Sulcus

Groove or canyon of cerebrum

Central Sulcus

Separates frontal and parietal lobes

Lateral Fissure

Separates temporal lobe from parietal lobes

Longitudinal Fissure

Separates hemispheres

Frontal

Motor, personality

Parietals

Sensory, determining size and shape

Temporal

Auditory, olfactory, memory, emotion

Occipital

Vision

Broca’s Area

Left frontal lobe, speech production

Wernicke’s Area

Left temporal lobe, speech understanding

Hippocampus

Deep temporal lobe, memory

Amygdala

Anterior temporal lobe, emotion and motivation

Primary visual cortex

Posterior occipital lobe

Cerebrum

Motor control, sensory control, high functions

Cerebellum

Coordination, posture, locomotion

Thalamus

Incoming sensory information

Hypothalamus

Hormone production and ANS regulation

Brainstem

Sensory motor pathways and ANS centers

Brainstem order, superior to inferior

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord

Blood supply to brain

15-20% cardiac output

Internal carotid arteries

Supply anterior and middle brain
Branches into anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Vertebral arteries

Posterior brain
Branches into basilar artery then posterior cerebral artery

Circle of Willis

Where internal carotid and vertebral arteries meet

ACA

Motor and Sensory for leg and foot

MCA

Motor and sensory for face/arm, language areas

PCA

Vision

Choroid Plexus

Produces CSF within ventricles

Arachnoid Villi

Reabsorb CSF in dual venous sinuses

Cerebral Aquaduct

Connects third and fourth ventricles

Intraventricular Foramen

Connects each lateral ventricle to third ventricle

Venous Sinuses

Drain venous blood from brain to jugular veins and receive reabsorbed CSF, located between cranial dura mater

CSF

Cerebrospinal Fluid, found in subarachnoid space

Third Ventricle

Supplied by interventricular foramen, located between thalami in diencephalon, exits through cerebral aqueduct

Fourth ventricle

Between brainstem and cerebellum, supplied by cerebral aqueduct, flushed through ventral canal

Spinal Cord Boundaries

Foramen magnum to L1, ends at conus medullaris

Cauda equina

Descending spinal nerves below conus medullaris

Spinal Nerves

8, 12, 5, 5, 1

Lumbar Puncture

Produces CSF from subarachnoid space, between L3 and L4 or L4 and L5

Dorsal Primary Ramus

Supplies posterior trunk

Ventral Primary Ramus

Supplies anterolateral trunk and limbs

Dorsal Horn

Sensory information processing

Lateral Horn

Visceral motor/autonomic neurons

Ventral Horn

Somatic motor neurons