UNIT 2 LEC 10

Energy

The capacity to do work or cause change.

Kinetic energy

Energy associated with motion.

Potential energy

Stored energy due to position or structure.

Chemical energy

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds.

Thermodynamics

The study of energy and its transformations.

First law of thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed.

Second law of thermodynamics

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

Entropy

A measure of disorder or the dispersal of energy.

Exergonic reaction

A reaction that releases free energy.

Endergonic reaction

A reaction that requires an input of free energy.

ATP

A molecule that transfers energy to power cellular processes.

ATP hydrolysis

The breakdown of ATP into ADP and phosphate, releasing usable energy.

Metabolism

The sum of the chemical reactions in an organism.

Anabolic reaction

A reaction that builds larger molecules from smaller ones and requires energy.

Catabolic reaction

A reaction that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones and often releases energy.