mood disorders 1

Treatment resistant depression: general description— what distinguishes from normal depression

depressive period exceeding 12 months, poor response to 2 adequate trials of antidepressants

treatment for TRD

look at ways to cope w/ certain outlook instead of preventative measures

MDD: whats special abt disorder

most prevalent mental health disorder

MDD diagnosis

require

• depressed most of day, nearly every day

• diminished interest or pleasure in all/most activities

sign weight loss/gain, insomnia/hypersonmia, psychmotor agitation, fatigue/loss of energy, feelings of worthlesness/excessive guilt, diminished ability to think, concentrate, indecisiveness, recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt

MDD w/ anxious mood

specifier applies when person experiences symptoms of anixety alongside depression, can’t exclusively diagnose anxiety as comorbid (doesn’t meet diagn

recurrence vs relapse for MDD

recurrence: 2 or more episodes seperated by at least 2 month break

relapse: symptoms appear before 2 months pass

persistent depressive disorder general description & time range

don’t meet MDD crit, have less symptoms but remain unchanged w/ symptoms for at least 2 years, time range: 20-30 years

PDD symptom list

poor appetite/overeating, insomnia/hypersomnia, low energy, low self-esteem, poor concentration/difficulty making decisions, feelings of hopelessness

MDD with anxious mood

doesn’t meed comorbidity w/ anxiety diagnosis, but exhibit anxious symptoms

MDD w/ mixed features

exhibit symptoms of mania or hyponia alongside depression w/o meeting diagonostic crit for mania

MDD w/ melancholia

loss of pleasure in most activites, lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable stimuli, early morning awakening, sign weight loss, excessive guilt, marked psychomotor agitation

MDD w'/ atypical features

pos mood reactivity & 2 or more of following

• weight gain, increased appetite, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, long-standing pattern of interpersonal rejection sensitivity

MDD w/ psychotic features

involves delusions or hallucinations, can be congruent/incongruent to current mood state

MDD w/ peripartum onset

depressiv episode occurs during pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum

MDD w/ seasonal pattern

usually worsens in winter months & improves in spring/summer

MDD w/ catatonia

depressive symptoms w/ catatonic behavior: moto immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiar voluntary movements

why is structured diagnostic interview used for assessment of depression as opposed to alternatives?

used when preciison of diagnosis is important— usualy used in research environments

BDI vs PHQ9 purpose

both for depression questionnaire— can’t be used for diagnosis, put to perceive severity

• PHQ9: shorter, most commonly used

point vs prevalence rates which r higher for depression

prevalence bc they take from all of ur life— more likely to have depression at some point

how have depressive rates change throughout history?

gotten higher rip

sex differences for MDD explanation

greater comfort in expressing distress, greater emotional burden faced, lower status, greater life stresses, higher rate of trauma

risk factors for MDD

SES, social isolation, family history, adverse childhood experiences, major life changes, ecposure to traumatic events