Biology P5 ms

mainly for the 7 markers, ALWAYS MENTION HOW TO KEEP CONSTANT VARIABLES CONSTANT, ALWAYS PUT WHAT YOU THINK DOWN AS LONG AS THERE, ALWAYS SAY IN SET TIME WHEN MEASURING SOMETHING

for finding the dilution concentration

M1V1 = M2V2 (M1 = conc of original solution, M2 = conc of new solution, V1 = volume of orignial solution, V2 = volume of new solution

percentage change formula

(final - inital / initial )*100

whenever using this is big 6-8 markers mention final-initial and how you should record them

belt transect test preparation

use of line and quadrat (to create belt transect)

selecting a start point for the transect

same (size) quadrat, use quadrat at stated distances along the line

method to identify each of the plant (species in the quadrat)

count the number of each plant species in each quadrat

estimate percentage (%) cover of each plant species (in each quadrat)

use at least 3 different transects (in each plot)

take results at the same time of the year

named hazard and risk and precaution eg, large plants: falling trees and branches = hard hat, or bites by venomous animals eg, snakes so bring antivenom or have first aid ready for alergies + GLOVES

things to increase reliability in resuts

exclude anomolous points and retest for any more, to improve reliability

use more intrmediate concentrations to get a better understanding in the trend of the graph

repeat experiment 2 more times then average results and plot graph

calculate standard error to improve reilability of results

use more accutate tools

DOF calc

oh so for t test it is # of individuals minus # searate groups and for chi squard its phentoypes-1?

when to accept and reject null H in t test and Chi squared

reject when calculated value is more than the critical value given in the table at 0.05 and vice versa

reject when calculated value is less than the significance level (0.05) and vice versa

standard error bars

When standard error bars overlap in an experiment, it generally suggests there is no statistically significant difference between the group means

photosynthesis at different ligh wavelnghts experiment

method for use of filter to get different colours of light

place light source same stated distance away from lead solution

carry out experiment in darkened room

use same mass of leaves/beads

detail of method to take sample of solution from bottle eg, indicator solution (which needs to have constant volume and conc)

calibrate colorimeter via using distilled water

suitable time to leave solution for photosynthesis

repeat experiment 2 more times then average

temperature + osmois

use a minimum of five stated temperatures

suitable method to, maintain a constant temperature (for each replicate / experiment)

same / stated, variety / age / AW, of turnips

METHOD TO CUT THE BLOCKS

same / stated, dimensions / AW, of turnip block

for each temperature, place turnip blocks in, a beaker / AW, of (fresh / new) distilled water

at each temperature, measure the initial mass and the final mass after a, set / stated, time

for each temperature, use at least three different blocks and calculate a mean

method to remove excess water from turnip block (before measuring final mass) eg, dry block after taking it out of the water

why percentage increase is calculated instead of just base measurements

easier to make a valid comparison, as other things might not have the same starting quantity

whenever it is talking about mass free ms point is

use smaller mass intervals

always talk about confidence interval and error bars and mention if there is or if there is not significant difference

and if they overlap or no, if they don’t overlap then there is significant difference in the mean values

full marks on overall P5 7 markers

risk assessment: mention the hazard, risk, solution

5 diff temp/conc

make sure solutions get to the correct temp before putting in the stuff (only for temp ones)

how to maintain controlled variables, eg buffer, thermostatically controlled water bath, dark room + distance from lamp

repeat experiment 2 more times average plot graph

sometimes contol is a mark : boiled substances/replacing stuff with distilled water

mention indepndent and dependent variables and how to measure them (mention apparatus used)

mark release capture method

use lincoln’s index

mark in such a way which doesn’t affect their future chance of survival

for 1st stage: capture and mark and release them

for 2nd stage: count how many captures and count how many captured that were marked

notes

always remember to use data from the table

don’t use size use dimensions

when cutting use scalpel AND RULER

whenever it is a counting bubbles prac say counting bubbles USING CAMERA

respiometer big marker ms

use 5 diff stated temp

method of controlling temp

use same age/number of organism

use same mass of NaOH

at each temp measure the distance drop of liquid moved across 5 mins

take atleast three measurements for each temp

NaOH is corrosive use gloves