Lab 1 Practical Review Diagram

What are the 4 types of tissues

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

What are the types of SIMPLE epithelial tissue?

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar

What are the types of STRATIFIED epithelial tissue?

stratified squamous, transitional epithelium

What is the difference between simple and stratified tissue?

simple - cells stacked in a single layer

stratified - cells stacked in more than one layer

What are the features of simple epithelium?

-one cell layer thick

-located on the basement membrane

-may adhere to connective tissue, muscle, or even other epithelial tissue

-provides a slippery surface (in blood vessels), allows filtration, and permits diffusion (in lungs)

What does simple squamous epithelium look like?

-thin, flat cells located on the basement membrane (like floor tiles)

-side view: cells appear flat like floor tiles

Where is simple squamous epithelial tissue located?

lines the air sacs of lungs

What is endothelium?

Simple squamous tissue that lines blood vessels and the heart

What is mesothelium?

simple squamous epithelium that lines body cavities

What type of tissue is this?

simple squamous epithelium

What does simple cuboidal epithelium look like?

cube-like, or wedge shaped cells, mostly uniform

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

-forms many of the major glans and glandular organs of the body

-major tissue in the kidneys

-lines the tubules

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

involved in the secretion of fluids (sweat & oil) or reabsorption (in the kidneys)

What type of tissue is this?

simple cuboidal epithelium

What does simple columnar epithelium look like?

resembles tall columns anchored at one end of the basement membrane, frequently in a row

What is a special feature of simple columnar epithelium?

can be ciliated on the apical surface or have microvilli

Where is simple columnar epithelium with microvilli found and what does it do?

line the inner portion of the digestive tract and provides an absorptive area for digested food

Where is ciliated simple columnar epithelium found?

lines the uterine tubes

Where are goblet cells found and what do they do?

found in the simple cuboidal epithelium and secretes mucus in the digestive tract

What type of tissue is this?

simple columnar epithelium

What does pseudostratified columnar epithelium look like?

-looks like it is multiple layers, but all cells are on the basement membrane

-nuclei are at different levels in the tissue

Where is pseudostratifed columnar epithelium found and what does it do?

lines some portions of the respiratory passages, protects the lungs by trapping dust particles in a mucous sheet and moving the particles away from them

What type of tissue is this?

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

-covers the outermost layer of skin

-lines the vaginal canal and mouth

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

protects the underlying areas from abrasion with the multiple layers

What does stratified squamous epithelium look like?

may have cuboidal shaped cells on the basement membrane, but contains flattened cell shape at the free surface

What are the two types of stratified squamous epithelium?

keratinized and non-keratinized

What are the features of kertatinzed stratified squamous tissue?

contains dead epithelial cells on the apical surface that harden the cells

What type of tissue is this?

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What type of tissue is this?

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What is special about transitional epithelium?

has remarkable stretching capablilites

Where is transitional epithelium found and what is the function?

lines the ureter, urinary bladder, and proximal urethra and allows these organs to expand as urine collects within or passes through them

What type of tissue is this?

transitional epithelium

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Cells in muscle cells are called [...]

fibers

What are some features of skeletal muscle tissue?

-most muscles are made out of it

-has striations

-is voluntary

-multinucleate (elongated and found in the periphery of cell)

What type of tissue is this?

skeletal muscle tissue

What are the features of cardiac muscles?

-less obvious striations

-branched

-involuntary

Where are intercalated disks found and what is their function?

found in cardiac muscles, join cells together

facilitate the transmission of electrical impulses of the heart

What are the cells in cardiac muscle tissue called

myocytes

What type of tissue is this?

cardiac muscle tissue

What are the features of smooth muscle?

-nonstriated

-involuntary

-cells are spindle shaped

-uninucleate (centrally located)

-when muscle is contracted the nucleus is corkscrew shaped

Where is smooth muscle tissue found?

-found in the digestive tract (propels food along)

-found in the uterus (driving force behind contratctions)

What type of tissue is this?

smooth muscle tissue

Where is nervous tissue found?

found in the brain, spinal cord, ganglia, and peripheral nerves of the body

What are the conductive cells in nervous tissue?

neurons

What are the three regions of neurons?

dendrites, soma (nerve cell body), & axon

What are special support cells in the nervous system?

glia cells

What to glial cells do?

don't conduct impulses, guide developing neurons to synapses, remove some neurotransmitters

What type of tissue is this?

nervous tissue

What is the main difference between connective tissue and the other tissue types?

more matrix (extracellular material) than cells

What tissue do all connective tissues arise from?

mesenchyme

What are the categories of connective tissues?

connective tissue proper (loose & dense), supporting connective tissue (cartilage & bone), & fluid connective tissue (blood)

What are the types of loose connective tissue?

areolar, adipose, reticular

What are the types of dense connective tissue?

dense regular/irregular collagenous, dense regular/irregular elastic

What are the types of supporting connective tissue?

cartilage: hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

bone

What is the function of areolar connective tissue?

internal framework, wrapping around organs or as layers like tissue between dermis and muscle

What does areolar connective tissue look like?

pink-stained collagenous fibers, smaller, dark elastic and reticular fibers

What type of tissue is this?

areolar connective tissue

What is a unique feature of adipose tissue?

highly cellular tissue

What are the cells in adipose tissue called?

adipocytes (fat cells)

What type of tissue is this?

adipose connective tissue

What are reticular fibers made of?

fine strands of collagen

Where is reticular tissue found?

found in soft internal organs: liver, spleen, and lymph nodes

What does reticular tissue look like

fiber will be branched, stained blue or black, among small, round cells

What type of tissue is this?

reticular connective tissue

Where is dense regular collagenous connective tissue found and what are the features?

tendons and ligaments, parallel fibers have great tensile strength, bind bone to muscle and bone to bone

Where is dense irregular collagenous connective tissue found?

deep layers of the skin and the white of the eye

Where is dense regular elastic connective tissue found?

in the vocal chords

Where is dense irregular elastic connective tissue found?

in the walls of arteries

What type of tissue is this?

dense regular connective tissue

What type of tissue is this?

dense irregular connective tissue

What type of tissue is this?

dense irregular elastic connective tissue

What is the matrix made of in cartilage

pliable material with room for movement

What is it called when the cells come out of a matrix and leave a cavity?

lacuna

What is the most common cartilage type in the body?

hyaline cartilage

Where is hyaline cartilage found

apex of nose, ends of most long bones, between ribs and sternum, in respiratory passages

What cells are in hyaline cartilage?

chondrocytes

What are the fibers in hyaline cartilage?

collagenous fibers

What is special about the cells in hyaline cartilage

they usually occur in pairs

What differs in fibrocartilage than hylaline cartilage?

it has many more fibers which are visible in the slides

Where is fibrocartilage found?

found in areas where more stress is placed on the cartilage, such as the intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, and menisci of each knee

What type of tissue is this?

hyaline cartilage

What type of tissue is this?

fibrocartilage

Where is elastic cartilage found?

found in external ear and part of larynx called the epiglottis

What type of tissue is this?

elastic cartilage

What is the matrix of bone made of?

hydroxyapatite crystal, or bone salt

What is compact bone?

makes up dense material in a long section of a bone

Where is cancellous (spongy) bone found?

found in the end regions of bones

Osteons are

large circular regions in bone

What is the matrix of the blood

plasma

What are the cells in blood?

red blood cells, or white blood cells

What are the cellular fragments in blood called?

platelets

What type of tissue does yellow bone marrow contain and where is it found?

adipose tissue, found in shafts of long bones in adults

What is the precursor to red and white blood cells?

red bone marrow

What are the components of the integumentary system?

skin, hair, nails, and various glands

Where are blood vessels located and what are their function?

in the dermis; take nutrients take nutrients to dermis and epidermis (don't enter the epidermis but nutrients diffue from dermis)

Where are nerves located and what is their function?

in the dermis; sensory information, such as touch, changes in temperature, feeling pain transmitted from receptors in the dermis

What two layers is the dermis composed of?

papillary & reticular layer

What are the features of the reticular layer?

thickest layer; composed of irregularly arranged collagenous fibers & elastic and reticular fibers