Neuro exam 2 harder questions

A neuron receives several excitatory and inhibitory signals. It combines these signals to determine whether it will reach threshold and produce an action potential.

What process is taking place?

neural integration

A student is studying a diagram of the visual pathway. They learn that information from the left and right visual fields travels to opposite sides of the brain after passing through the optic chiasm.

If the left optic tract is damaged, which visual field is affected according to the study guide?

Right visual field.

A person is listening to a very loud sound. Which changes help the auditory system recognize the increased sound intensity?

Auditory nerve fibers fire at a higher rate.

More hair cells and auditory nerve fibers become activated.

A person turns their head to the right. The fluid inside the semicircular canals initially lags behind the head's movement.

What structure bends as a result of this fluid movement?

cupula

The base of the cochlea is wider and more flexible than the apex.

A. True
B. False

false

A person is riding in a car that suddenly accelerates forward. Which structure detects this type of movement?

utricle

Which events occur during auditory transduction after calcium enters the hair cell? Select all that apply.

A. Neurotransmitters are released from the hair cell.
B. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on auditory nerve fibers.
C. The tympanic membrane begins vibrating.
D. An action potential may begin in the auditory nerve if threshold is reached.

Neurotransmitters are released from the hair cell.

Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on auditory nerve fibers.

An action potential may begin in the auditory nerve if threshold is reached.

During chemical synaptic transmission, sodium entering the postsynaptic neuron can cause depolarization and make an action potential more likely.

A. True
B. False

true

A person tilts their head so that their right ear moves toward their right shoulder. Which type of rotation is this?

A. Pitch
B. Yaw
C. Roll
D. Horizontal linear acceleration

roll

A neuron receives several excitatory signals and several inhibitory signals. After combining all of these signals, it reaches threshold and produces an action potential.

Which statement best explains what happened?

A. The excitatory and inhibitory signals were combined, and their overall effect allowed the neuron to reach threshold.

B. The inhibitory signals automatically canceled out every excitatory signal.

C. The neuron fired because every neurotransmitter causes depolarization.

D. The neuron fired because chloride entering the cell made it more positive.

The excitatory and inhibitory signals were combined, and their overall effect allowed the neuron to reach threshold.

A person is listening to a very loud sound. Compared with a quiet sound, the auditory system responds by increasing the firing rate of auditory nerve fibers and activating more hair cells and nerve fibers.

Which two processes explain this?

A. Phase-locking and tonotopy
B. Spatial summation and temporal summation
C. Rate coding and recruitment
D. Depolarization and hyperpolarization

Rate coding and recruitment

A person is riding in an elevator that suddenly moves upward. Their vestibular system detects this straight-line movement.

Which structure is primarily responsible for detecting this movement?

saccule