energy acquisition/principle of allocation

autotroph

fixes its own carbon

heterotroph

gets organic carbon from other organisms/material

chemoautotroph energy source

chemical energy

chemoheterotroph carbon source

organic compounds

what can support food webs without sunlight?

chemosynthesis

principle of allocation

limited resources create trade offs

why do allocation trade offs occur

energy/resources are limited

what can organisms allocate energy to

survival, growth, reproduction

why does allocation matter evolutionarily

it affects fitness

PAR

photosynthetically active radiation

PAR wavelength

400-700 nm

what doeds PAR drive

light reactions

PAR under a desert shrub?

lower

PAR in exposed area

higher

light reactions do what

capture light → ATP + NADPH

Carbon fixation does what

incorporated CO2 into organic compounds

where do both light reactions and carbon fixation occur

chloroplasts

why does photosynthesis cause water loss

co2 uptake requires open stomata

main c3 enzyme

rubisco

c3 reactions occur where

mesophyll

problem with rubisco

also binds o2

rubisco + o2 causes?

photorespiration

main c4 initial fixation enzyme

PEP carboxylase

c4 initial fixation occurs where

mesophyll

c4 calvin cycle occurs where

bundle sheath

c4 separation

spatial

CAM stomata open when

night

CAM stomata closed when

day

CAM separation

temporal

highest WUE

CAM

lowest WUE

c3

WUE order

CAM > C4 > C3

first c3 product

PGA (3C)

c3 initial enzyme

rubisco

first c4 product

C4 acid (4C)

c4 initial enzyme

PEP carboxylase

first CAM product

c4 acid (4C)

CAM initial enzyme

PEP carboxylase

c4 separation

spatial

CAM separation

temporal

WUE highest → lowest

CAM > C4 > C3

chemoheterotroph carbon source

organic molecules

chemoheterotroph energy source

organic molecules

heterotrophs ultimately depend on

autotrophs

3 heterotroph trophic categories

herbivores, carnivores, detritivores