Reproduction in Organisms

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to reproduction, including definitions and examples of various forms of reproduction in organisms.

Reproduction

The production of a new generation of individuals of the same species.

Asexual Reproduction

The simplest form of reproduction where a single organism produces a clone, genetically identical to the parent.

Types of Asexual Reproduction

Includes binary fission, budding, spore formation, fragmentation, and vegetative propagation.

Binary Fission

A method of asexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism divides into two equal parts.

Vegetative Propagation

A common form of asexual reproduction in plants, producing new plants from vegetative parts of the parent plant.

Bulb

A modified shoot with a short stem and fleshy storage leaves, containing one or more buds.

Corm

A swollen, underground stem surrounded by protective leaves used for vegetative reproduction.

Rhizome

A horizontally growing underground stem that can give rise to new shoots and roots.

Stolon

A creeping stem that grows along the surface of the ground, capable of producing new plants.

Tuber

An underground storage organ formed from a stem or root that can produce new plants.

Cloning

The process of generating a genetically identical copy of an organism, can occur naturally or artificially.

Agamospermy

The asexual production of seeds and embryos without fertilization.

Tissue Culture

A method of plant propagation by growing plant tissues in a controlled environment.

Sexual Reproduction

The production of individuals from the fusion of gametes, involving a diploid zygote.

Fertilization

The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, essential for sexual reproduction.

Gametes

Haploid cells that combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.

Hermaphrodite

An organism capable of producing both male and female gametes.

Artificial Insemination

A medical procedure used to treat infertility by directly inserting semen into a woman's womb.

Pollination

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.

Cleistogamy

A form of self-pollination where the flower does not open and only self-pollen is used.