1.4 science

Whats cell replication , compare eukaryotes and prokaryotes ?

 

Cell replication is critical

eukaryotes and

prokaryotes.

force existing cell to make new cell

allow exisitng cell to grow and repair

 

How many stages does the eukaryotic cell have

three stages including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

For mitosis list the stages ( in eurzakoyotic cell

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Mitosis

division of one cell into two identical cells

Interphase process before mitosis

Interphase prepares the cell for mitosis by growing it, duplicating its DNA, and ensuring everything is ready for accurate cell division by giving out its right genetic material to carry function

Why is interphase in mitosis important

New cells would not contain correct genetic matirzal to carry out functions

The growth and repair of mitosis . What does mitosis additionally do throgh growth

•The process of mitosis is important as it allows growth and repair to occur

•Growth is not the cells themselves growing

•As the number of cells in a tissue increase, the size of the tissue increases

•

•The maximum growth of an organism is determined by its genes

1 prophase in mitosis

begins when chromosomes condense and spindle fibres to form.The nuclear membrane breaks down

and the nucleolus disappears.

Metaphase

chromosomes line up along the centre of the cell (equator) and the spindle fibres attach to either side

Anaphase

spindle fibres contract, pulling the chromosomes apart

The cell becomes longer

Telophase

chromosomes are released and start to unwind

• nucleus starts to reform around them

• middle of the cell starts to pinch inwards

cytokinesis

after the mitosis PMAT , cell splits  down in half , known ad cytokinesis , cytoplasm divides and the

organelles evenly distribute themselves before separating into two daughter cells.

growth and repair occur cause of mitosis

••The process of mitosis is important as it allows growth and repair to occur

•Growth is not the cells themselves growing

•As the number of cells in a tissue increase, the size of the tissue increases

•The maximum growth of an organism is determined by its genes

damaged cell , how does it ensure healthy

• Cell divide to replace damage/ old celll to ensure organsim can effectively perform , function for survival

• It replaces few daws or last longer like liver

Whats an uncontrolled mitosis that causes disease (M)

• Gene mutations disrupt the normal instructions that tell cells when to grow and when to stop.

• When these genes are altered or damaged, the control system breaks down.

• As a result, cells divide uncontrollably, creating a mass of abnormal cells known as a tumor.

 

What happens when cells are mutated :

• cell’s instructions for normal division can be removed entirely.

• Without proper instructions, the cell begins to divide much more rapidly than normal.

When cells are changed/mutated what does this trigger :

• this rapid, uncontrolled division causes the cell to form dangerous tumours also called disease cancer.

• Changes (mutations) in these genes are the reason cancers occur in our bodies.

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