psych quiz #5 week 7 (brain organization)

brain stem

central core; innermost primitive part/section of the brain, where the spinal cord attaches → brainstem; links the higher brain to the rest of the body; deals with the body’s automatic processes/bodily processes like breathing + blood pressure

medulla (brain stem)

controls heartbeat and breathing

reticular formation (brain stem)

finger shaped network of neurons from the spinal cord to the thalamus; relays info induced in arousal both awake and asleep (auto)

cerebellum (brain stem)

extends from rear of brainstem; coordianted voluntary moves and balance

limbic system (midbrain)

surrounds the central core (limbic = borders) → donut shaped system of neurons, emotions, motivation, motivational aspects of memory

amygdala

(almond-shaped) aggression and fear; perception of emotions and processing emotional memories; consists of 2 lima bean sized neuro clusters

hypothalamus

just below the thalamus; maintenance of xx for the body of pleasure; hunger, thirst, body temp, sexual behavior, fighting; pleasure center of the brain

hippocampus

means seahorse, which is its shape; processes memories; if damaged, can’t form new memories/episodes/facts

left damaged → verbal info not remembered

right damaged → visual info not remembered

cause of anterograde amnesia

cerebral cortex

surrounds limbic system; complex mental processes; inner white stuff b/w bones = axons linking parts of the brain; 180 billion glial cells: (glue) feed/protect neurons, assist neural transmission

4 main lobes inside the brain

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

frontal lobe

frontal most part; planning, judgment, flexibility, personality, speech

primary motor cortex

(frontal)

in the back of the frontal lobe; also linguistic skills, higher order thinking, executive functioning

broca’s area

left frontal lobe, formation of speech (the ability to move your mouth to produce words)

aphasia

language disorder; slowed, labored speech, poor articulation; information is correct, but not being conveyed correctly

parietal lobe

b/w frontal and occipital lobes; controls association areas, processes/organizes info, pressure, pain, temperature, and sensory integration

somatosensory cortex

irresponsible for recognizing features, such as touch, sight, body position, sensitivity to all senses

occipital lobe

behind the parietal lobe; receives visual info from the opposite visual field; aka visual cortex

visual agnosia

large lesion on the occipital lobe; can lead to inability to recognize objects, however, you can still see them

temporal lobe

on the sides of the cerebral cortex; auditory/linguistic processing (hearing, meaning, lanaguage)

wernicke’s area

(temporal lobe) controls grammar, speech production, and audible sounds/words

aphasia

language disorder; grammar and speech will make no actual sense