drugs for pharm test 2

what solution moves fluid from the cells into the blood

hypertonic

what solution moves fluid from the blood into the cells

hypotonic

what solution has no fluid shift

isotonic

what iv solution has light molecules and easily flows in and out of cells

crystalloids

what are crystalloids used for

dehydration

examples of crystalloids

normal saline, lactated ringers, 5% dextrose

what solution adds bulk to blood volume

colloids

what are colloids used for

hypovolemic shock

what is an example of a colloid

dextran 40

when is dextran 40 used

in emergent situations

what electrolyte is essential for nerve and muscle function, specifically cardiac

potassium

what electrolyte imbalance are you at risk for when taking a protein sparing diuretic

hyperkalemia

what do we give to treat hyperkalemia

insulin (glucose) & kayexalate

what should your patient be on if you are replacing potassium

telemetry

what do we give to treat hypernatremia

hypotonic solutions and diuretics

what do we give if they have dilution hyponatremia

diuretics

what do we do if they have hyponatremia from sodium loss

oral or iv sodium chloride

what do we monitor when administering IV magnesium sulfate

DTRs

what do we give for hypermagnesemia

IV calcium gluconate

what are blood products always hung with

0.9 normal saline

what are the types of diuretics

thiazide, loop, osmotic, potassium sparing and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

what diuretic is not effective in patients with severe renal failure

thiazide diuretics

which diuretics end in -thiazide

thiazide diuretics

which med is referred to as the "super duper pill" that is given when thiazides aren't working

metolazone

which diuretics are most effective

loop diuretics

which diuretics deplenish all electrolytes

loop diuretics

what are examples of loop diuretics

bumentandine (bumex) and furosemide (lasix)

which drug is a osmotic diuretic

mannitol

when is mannitol used

to treat closed angle glaucoma

which drug is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

acetazolamide (diamox)

when is acetazolamide used

to treat open angle glaucoma

what drug is a potassium sparing diuretic

spironolactone

what should patients taking spironolactone avoid

potassium rich foods

what should you watch for when taking spironolactone

hyperkalemia

what drugs end in -ine

antihistamines

what drug is a first generation antihistamine

diphenhydramine

what is a side effect of diphenhydramine

drowsiness

what drugs are second generation antihistamines

cetirizine (zyrtec) & loratadine (claritin)

what are side effects of cetirizine and loratadine

dry mouth & headache

what drug shrink nasal mucous membranes and reduces nasal secretions

nasal decongestants

what are examples of nasal decongestants

oxymetazoline (afrin) & pseudophedrine (sudofed)

what can occur if you take afrin or Sudafed for longer than 3-5 days

rebond congestion

what drugs do you take prophylactically for allergy season

intranasal corticosteroids

how long do you have to take intranasal corticosteroids before an exposure

2-3 weeks before

what drug is an intranasal corticosteroid

fluticasone

what is an adverse effect of fluticasone

epistaxis

what do antitussives do

inhibit cough

what do expectorants do

inhibit mucous production

what do mucolytics do

loosen thick bronchial secretions

which patients often take mucolytics

cystic fibrosis patient

what is an example of a non-opioid antitussive

dextromethorphan (robitussin)

what is an example of a opioid antitussive

codeine and hydrocodone

what drug is an expectorant

guaifenesin (mucinex)

what are side effects of guaifenesin

drowsiness, headache, GI upset

what drug is a mucolytic

acetylcysteine

what is hallmark of mucolytics

unpleasant odor

what device is a small machine that vaporizes liquid into a fine mist and uses a face mask

nebulizer

what device delivers a measured dose of drug

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

what device is activated by inhalation of a powdered drug

dry powder inhaler (DPI)

why should you always rinse your mouth after using a dry powder inhaler

it can cause thrush

what drugs are bronchodilators (BAM)

beta-adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, and methylxanthines

what drug end in -terol

beta-adrenergic agonists

what is an example of a beta-adrenergic agonists

albuterol

what are side effects of albuterol

restlessness, tachycardia, tremors

what drug do you never give a patient with asthma

a beta blocker

what drugs end in -pium

anticholinergic

what drug is an example of a anticholinergic

ipratropium

what are the adverse effects of ipratropium

cant pee

cant see

cant spit

cant shit

urinary retention

blurred vision

dry mouth

constipation

what drugs end in -phylline

methylxanthines

what drug is an example of methylxanthines

theophylline

what are the anti-inflammatory agents (SLM)

corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, mast cell stabilizers

what drug send in -sone and -ide

corticosteroids

what are corticosteroids taken daily for

prophylactic treatment of asthma

what drugs are examples of corticosteroids

beclomethasone & budesonide

what are the adverse effects of beclomethasone & budesonide

sores

sink

sugar

mouth sores

candidiasis (rinse mouth)

high blood sugar

what drugs end in -lukast

leukotriene modifiers

how do leukotriene modifiers prophylactically treat asthma

reduce inflammatory component of asthma

what is an example of leukotriene modifiers

montelukast

what drug start with crom-

mast cell stabilizers

what is an example of a mast cell stabilizer

cromolyn

what drug is ineffective at relieving acute bronchospasm

cromolyn

why can high oxygen concentrations be detrimental to people with COPD

COPD patients drive to breathe is low oxygen

what is it called when chemo is done with or after surgery and radiation

adjuvant therapy

when the anc is below 500, the patient is at risk for

infections

what are the side effects of chemotherapy

Nausea, Vomiting

Stomatitis

Alopecia

Bone marrow Suppression (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia)

what are the categories of chemo drugs

alkylating agents, antimetabolites, anti tumor antibiotics, natural products

what drugs are examples of alkylating agents

cyclopohasphamide (cytoxan)

melphalan (alkeran)

cisplatin (platinol)

what drugs are examples of antimetabolites

mercaptopurine (6-MP)

fluororacil (5-FU)

methotrexate

what category of drugs should you avoid alcohol based mouthwashes

antimetabolites

what drug is an anti tumor antibiotic

doxorubicin (adriamycin)

which adverse effect is associated with doxorubicin

cardiotoxicity

what are the categories of natural products

vinca alkaloids & taxanes

what drugs start with vin-

vinca alkaloids

what is an example of a vina alkaloid

vincristine

what drugs have tax in the middle

taxanes

what are examples of taxanes

Paclitaxel

Docetaxel

what adverse effect is associated with natural products

numbness and tingling in the limbs

what drugs slow the growth of reproductive related tumors

hormone and hormone antagonists

which level is elevated in prostate cancer

PSA

what drugs slow the growth of hormone dependent tumors

sex hormones