2.1.4 Eukaryotic Cells 2 - protein transport

endoplasmic reticulum

3-D network of membrane bound cavities in the cytoplasm that linked to the nuclear membrane and mix up a large part of the cellular transport system as well as playing an important role in the synthesis of many different chemicals

80S Ribosomes

The main type of ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells, consisting of ribosome RNA and protein, made up of a 60 S and 40 S subunits they are the sites of protein synthesis

70 S ribosomes

found in the mitochondria and chloroplast of eukaryotic cells and in prokaryotic organisms, Made up of 50 S and 30 S sub units the ratio of RNA to protein and 70 Ribosomes are 2:1

rough endoplasmic reticulum

it is endoplasmic reticulum that is covered in ATS ribosomes and which is involved in the production and transport of proteins

what is exocytosis

The energy requiring process by which vertical fuses with the cell surface membrane so the contents are released to the outside of the cell

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

smooth tubular structure similar to RER But without the ribosomes which is involved in the synthesis and transport of steroids and lipids in the cell

golgi apparatus

consists of stacks of membranes that modify proteins made elsewhere in the cell and packages them into vehicles for transport and also produce materials for plant cell walls and insect cuticles

Lysosomes definition

an organelle full of digestive enzymes used to breakdown worn out cells or organelles or digest food and simple organisms

apoptosis

programmed Zelda the breakdown of worn out damaged or disease cells by the lysosomes

how are proteins transported within the Golgi apparatus and the rough endoplasmic reticulum

1. proteins are brought to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles that have pinched off from the RER Where they were made

2. The versicles fuse with the membrane sacs of the golgi apparatus and the protein enters the golgi stacks

3. As the proteins travel through the Golgi apparatus they are modified in various ways