Friction & Gravity, and Thermal Energy, Heat, and Temperature Study Guide

What does temperature measure?

The average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

How is thermal energy different from temperature?

Thermal energy looks at the total kinetic and potential energy of particles.

What is the freezing point of water in Celsius?

0ºC

What happens to the temperature of ice at 20ºC?

Its temperature holds steady at 0ºC until all ice has melted.

What happens to the thermal energy of ice at 20ºC?

Its thermal energy increases as the air transfers energy.

What makes Celsius different from Fahrenheit?

Celsius uses the freezing and boiling points of water as 0 and 100, while Fahrenheit is based on everyday temperatures.

Why does your hand feel cold when holding an ice cube?

Your hand loses thermal energy to the colder ice cube.

Which has a higher temperature: a glass of boiling water or a pot of boiling water?

They have the same temperature of 100ºC.

Which has higher thermal energy: a glass of boiling water or a pot of boiling water?

The pot has greater thermal energy due to more particles.

What is the conversion formula from Fahrenheit to Celsius?

(ºF - 32) x 5/9

What is the conversion formula from Celsius to Fahrenheit?

ºC x 9/5 + 32

What is the conversion formula from Celsius to Kelvin?

ºC + 273

What is the conversion formula from Kelvin to Celsius?

K - 273

What is the gravitational potential energy formula?

Gravitational Potential Energy = Mass x Acceleration x Height

What is the weight unit?

Newtons

What is the mass unit?

Kilograms (Kg)

What is the energy unit?

Joules

What is the acceleration unit?

Meters per second squared (m/s²)

What is the height unit?

Meters

Convert 60ºF to Celsius.

15.56ºC

Convert 32ºF to Kelvin.

273 K

Convert 159 K to Celsius.

-114 ºC

Convert 304 K to Fahrenheit.

87.53ºF

Convert -40ºC to Fahrenheit.

-40ºF

Convert 32ºC to Fahrenheit.

89.6ºF

What is the gravitational potential energy of a 60 kg mass falling from 92 m?

54,096 J

What is the gravitational potential energy of a 4 kg rock on a shelf 3 m high on Mars?

44.76 J