17th & 18th Century Brit Lit + Vocab

What years did we focus on?

1625-1798

When was King Charles 1 beheaded?

1649

Which king did parliament clash with?

King Charles 1

Oliver Cromwell

lead the commonwealth(republic); made himself Lord Protector(dictator)

Which King came back from exile?

King Charles 2

Which King restored the monarchy and was an avid patron of the arts?

King Charles II

James II

devout Catholic; religious differences made him leave; escaped to France

Mary

Protestant daughter of James II; married William of Orange; respected a bill of rights passed by Parliment

What are the two parties that emerged during this time?

Tories and Whigs

What position began to rule?

Prime Minister

Agricultural Revolution

new farm tools(threshing machine, seed drill, selective breeding, etc.); more food, more people

Industrial Age

inventions, such as power loom; cloth exported around the world.; became a wealthy industry

Enlightenment/Scientific Revolution

believed that through reason & observation of nature human beings could discover the order everything; gravity was discovered

Literary Achievements

novel, beginning of dictionaries and encyclopedias

Ben Jonson

poems, plays, masques(court entertainments- singing, dancing, acting); Still to Be Neat, Song to Celia; buried standing up; whats his name?

John Donne

metaphysical poetry-intellectualism; Song, A Valediction on Forbidden Mourning, Meditation 17, Holy Sonnet 10

John Bunyan

preacher, the pilgrims progress

John Milton

puritan, paradise lost

metaphysical poetry

poetry characterized by intellectual displays and concern with metaphysical, or philosophical, issues

conceit

extended comparison(s)/metaphor(s) that link objects or ideas not commonly associated, often mixing abstract ideas and emotional matters

paradoxes

images or descriptions that appear self-contradictory but that reveal a deeper truth

Song

woman he loves that he will return

A Valediction of Forbidden Mourning

reassuring wife that he will return

Holy Sonnet 10

Death Be Not Proud

Midnight 17

No man is an island, entire of itself

Still to be Neat

inner beauty is more important than outer beauty, speaker of the poem prefers plain women

Song To Celia

man is in love with woman, he gives her roses, she doesn't accept his love and gives the roses back

On My First Son

son(7) died during the plague, grief statement

His Coy Mistress

man wants to take relationship slow, but, since they won't live forever, wants to marry her

carpe diem

seize the day

To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time

tells young virgins, especially women, to life to the fullest; and, to also find a husband while still young

Sonnet 7/XII

doesn't feel like he's accomplished as much as his peers, but decides to leave it to god

Sonnet 26/XIV

he can't use his only talent, reading and writing, because he's going blind; decides to leave it to god

What verse was Paradise Lost written in?

unrhymed iambic pentameter/blank verse

What is the greatest epic in the English language?

Paradise Lost

Why was Paradise Lost written?

to justify the way of god to men

How was Paradise Lost written?

Milton dictated it to his daughter(s)

How many lines of poetry is Paradise Lost?

11,000

How many books is Paradise Lost split into?

12

medias res

in the middle of things

Satan

huge(Leviathan); chained to lake of fire

Beelzebub

Satan's chief lieutenant(g) among the fallen angels

Paradise Lost Plot

Adam & Eve's fall; satans purpose(opposite of god; only do evil)

Samuel Pepys

administrator of the navy of England and member of Parliament; attended execution of Kings Charles I & was on the boat that brought back Charles II

When was The Diary written?

1660-1669

Why did Pepys stop writing his diary?

he lost his eyesight and couldn't write

Why was Pepys diary written in code?

He wrote about his marriage troubles and possibly government secrets

Who informed the king about the Great Fire?

Samuel Pepys

How many fires did Pepys diary include?

16

When did Pepys house burn down?

January 1673

What did Pepys recommend be done to homes to stop the spread of the fire?

pull down the houses

Daniel Defoe

father of the English novel, wrote Robinson Cruso, 5 during the plague, described as a "false, shuffling, prevaricating rascal"

What did Defoe do before writing A Journal of the Plague Year?

Defoe studied official documents and interviewed survivors, and, possibly remembered some of it from his childhood

What is an overview of A Journal of the Plague Year?

A fictional account of one man's experiences of the year 1665, in which the Black Plague struck London

A Journal of the Plague Year Summary

a hole was being dug for bodies, narrator asks if he can watch, bodies were thrown in at night, a man was upset that his wife and children were just thrown in the hole(went to a bar and got drunk afterwords), the hole that was supposed to last for a month lasted for two weeks

alliteration

repetition of consonant sounds

rhetorical questions

questions asked for effect rather than answers

apostrophe

address to an absent or imaginary person

elegy

a sad or mournful poem

enjambment

the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza

epic

a long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society

blank verse

unrhymed iambic pentameter

octave

eight line stanza

paradox

a contradiction or dilemma

epigram

witty comment

seset

six line stanza

sonnet

fourteen line poem

Shakesperean Sonnet

a 14-line lyric poem with a specific rhyme scheme made up of 3 quatrains and a couplet (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG)

quatrains

four line stanzas

couplets

two lines, one immediately after the other, that contain end rhyme

personification

the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea

primary source

an account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnessed the event

Italian/Petrarchan Sonnet

fourteen-line poem divided into two parts: the first is eight lines (abbaabba) and the second is six (cdcdcd or cdecde)

Spenserian Sonnet

a sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a concluding couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab bcbd cdcd ee

Miltonic Sonnet

similar to the petrarchan sonnet but this does not divide its thought between the octave and the sestet-the sense or line of thinking runs straight from the eighth to the ninth line