DTR - Practice Exam Study Cards - B Set

What are the classic signs of a newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetic?

a. Weight loss, fainting.

B. Thirst, hunger, frequent urination.

c. Weight gain, thirst, disorientation.

d. Sweating, tachycardia, insulin shock.

Thirst, hunger, frequent urination

A vegetarian patient is given a clear liquid diet. What can you give them?

a. Apple juice, vegetable broth, jell-o

b. Apricot nectar, vegetable broth, hot tea

c. Cranberry juice, vegetable broth, popsicle

d. Grape juice, vegetable broth, sherbert

Cranberry juice, vegetable broth, popsicle

The reason most of us enjoy Turkey and pumpkin pie at thanksgiving is due to:

a. Habit

b. Associations

c. Values

d. Emotional state

associations

Cravings for non-food items such as dirt, clay, or ice during pregnancy may indicate

a. Low iron levels

b. High vitamin B levels

c. High Iron levels

d. High potassium levels

low iron

-Explanation: This illness is called PICA, where woman eat non-food items

4oz OJ. 1 medium Banana. 1 Apple. 1/2 c fruit cocktail. 8oz Pineapple juice. 1 c shredded lettuce. 1 c mashed potatoes. How many servings of the food guide pyramid were consumed?

A. 6 servings of fruit and 3 servings of vegetables.

b. 5 servings of fruit and 3 servings of vegetables.

c. 8 servings of fruit and 2 servings of vegetables.

d. 5 servings of fruit and 1 servings of vegetables.

6 servings of fruit and 3 servings of vegetables.

Approximately how many calories are in the following meal?

1/3 c grape juice. 2- 4 inch pancakes. 1 Tbsp butter. 1 c 2% milk.

a. 458 kcal

B. 440 kcal

c. 125 kcal

d. 389 kcal.

440 kcal.

1/3 c grape juice= 60kcal

2- 4" pancakes= 160kcal

1 T of butter= 135kcal

1 c 2% milk= 120 kcal

TOTAL= approx. 475 kcal

Determine the number of exchanges found per serving in the following recipe. Recipe yields 4 servings.

8 oz chopped chicken breast.

4 oz shredded cheese.

4 c cooked rotini pasta.

1/4 c sour cream.

A. 3 meat. 2 bread. 1 fat

b. 9 meat. 6 bread. 2 fat.

c. 3 meat. 3 bread. 7 fat.

d. 3 meat. 2 bread. 2 fat.

3 meat. 2 bread. 1 fat.

Divide everything by 4.

8oz chicken/4= 2oz chicken= 2 meat exchanges

4oz cheese/4= 1oz cheese= 1 meat exchange

4 c pasta/4= 1 c pasta= 2 bread exchanges

1/4 c sour cream/4= 1/16 c sour cream= 1 fat exchange

Find out how many exchanges are in the following meal:

3 oz baked fish.

1/2 c green beans.

1 medium baked potato.

1 c skim milk.

A. 3 lean meats, 2 CHO, and 1 vegetable.

b. 3 lean meats, 2 CHO, and 2 vegetable.

c. 3 lean meats, 1 CHO, and 1 vegetable.

d. 2 lean meats, 2 CHO, and 1 vegetable.

3 lean meats, 2 CHO, and 1 vegetable.

3 oz Fish= 3 lean meats.

1- potato and 1- milk= 2 CHO exchanges

1 serving green beans= 1 vegetable exchange

A 35 yr old, moderately active man consumes the following foods daily:

5 oz meat, 6 grains, 1 dairy, 3 fruit. This man is consuming an adequate amount of?

a. Grain.

b. Dairy.

C. Fruit.

d. Meats

Fruit.

For healthy adults, a daily meal plan includes at least: 3 servings of vegetables, 2 servings of fruit, 6 servings of grain, 2 servings of milk, and 6 oz of meat. Since he is very active, he needs to consume 6-10 servings of grains, not just 6. He is more than adequate in fruits.

Dietary aides substituted a 1/2 c tomato or grape juice for an orange or grape fruit half. The RD should:

a. Explain substitutions cannot be made without first checking with the dietitian.

b. Provide an in-service training session on Carbohydrate content.

c. Teach a class on exchanges for all the dietary employees.

D. Post a list of inter-changeable fruits and juices.

Post a list of inter-changeable fruits and juices.

According to the exchange list: 1/2 c grape juice is more than 1 exchange, but 1/3 c counts as an exchange. 1/2 c tomato juice is an exchange fut not a substitute for orange/grapefruit juice. Tomato juice is a non-starchy vegetable not a fruit.

Using the good guide pyramid, a small fast food hamburger would be:

a. 4 servings of meat, 2 servings of bread.

b. 3 servings of meat, 2 servings of bread.

c. 2 servings of meat, 2 servings of bread.

D. 1 serving of meat, 2 servings of bread.

One 3oz hamburger= 1 serving of meat. 1 hamburger bun= 2 servings of bread.

Based on the exchange system this answer is correct because 3 oz; 3 exchanges, of meat = 1 small hamburger.

Who does the dietary recommendation mostly apply to?

a. Average daily intake

b. Healthy people

c. Everyone

D. A & B.

A & B.

When looking at the RDA's, it is telling you what the average daily intake is for healthy people. Answer C, comes out because everyone can not apply.

What is the food guide pyramid?

a. The visual representation of the U.S. dietary guidelines

b. A graph representing what the average person must eat.

c. The number of exchanges per meal.

D. None of the above.

None of the above.

The Food guide pyramid, now My Plate, is a quantitative nutrition guideline, using a mnemonic graphic of separated zones to represent suggested percentages of the daily diet for different food groups. The food guide does however help the consumer follow the U.S. dietary guidelines but it is not the exact representation of it.

An individual beginning to take insulin is at risk for experiencing:

a. Decreased appetite.

b. Fluid retention

C. Dry mouth.

d. None of the above.

Dry Mouth

An RD/DTR has just completed a nutrition assessment. Next,

a. Outline a nutrition care plan.

b. Follow-up.

c. Do a tube-feeding.

D. Diet Education.

Diet Education.

This question is tricky, and may be questionable. In a real-world setting, this answer is plausible, but on paper, the next step after assessment is Diagnosing- finding out what is wrong with the patient. Since that is not an option on the answer list, we can't use it. However the third step , Nutrition Intervention, which diet education is incorporated into is the best answer.

A patient on a 2 gram, or 2000 mg, sodium diet states he must salt his food. The patient's daily Na intake from food sources averages nearly 1500 mg. How much salt could be allowed for seasoning?

a. 1/3 tsp.

B. 1/4 tsp.

c. 1/5 tsp.

d. 1/8 tsp.

1/4 tsp.

Know how much sodium is in 1 tsp. 1 tsp= 2325 mg, roughly 2000 mg. Recommended range: 1,500 to 2,400 mg/day. Since the Na intake from food sources is already 1,500, he can only use 500mg of salt for his food. Since he is on a 2000mg Na diet and since 1 tsp is roughly 2000mg, 1/4 of that is 500mg.

A patient being treated with prednisone should be advised to follow:

a. A calorie controlled diet.

b. A low-fat diet.

C. Low sodium diet.

d. Low potassium diet

Low sodium diet.

Your body tends to retain sodium, salt, and lose potassium when taking prednisone,, particularly in higher doses. Sometimes the salt retention reverses when the does of prednisone is reduced. The resulting fluid retention shows up as an apparent weight gain because a pint of fluid weighs about 1 pound. You can discourage this fluid retention by eating a reduced sodium diet and eating more potassium-rich foods.

A patient has an elevated MCV and is diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia. You suspect _______ deficiency and recommend ________ as good food sources of this nutrient.

a. Folic acid: cheese and raisins.

b. Iron: green leafy vegetables and red meats.

C. Folic acid: beans and spinach.

d. Iron: dried figs and liver.

Folic acid: beans and spinach.

Megaloblastic anemia is a result of abnormally large, immature red blood cells. MCV is elevated with this type of anemia. The vitamin deficiency for this type of anemia is Folate or B12. Since B12 is not a choice, Folate is the answer. If it was an iron deficiency anemia, then small red blood cells and MCV would be lower instead of higher.

The first step in the nutrition care process is:

a. Evaluation.

B. Assessment.

c. Development of the plan.

d. Implementation of the plan.

Assessment.

ADIME

Client says to you, "I can't seem to stop binging.." You reply, "How do you feel when you're binging?" This is an example of what type of question?

a. Reflective question.

B. Open-ended question.

c. Closed question.

d. Leading question.

Open-ended question.

Nutritional Status for kids: Which of the following parameters most closely reflect nutritional status for children?

A. Growth rate.

b. Head circumference.

c. Hair quality/color.

d. Skin

Growth rate.

Anything between 10% and 90% percentile of growth rate chart is fine.

The most common outcome of a high pregnancy risk is:

a. Diabetes.

b. Heart Disease.

c. Cancer.

d. Low birth rate.

Low Birth rate.

Nutrition throughout the lifecycle: Protein RDA for pregnancy is how many grams higher than for non-pregnant women:

a. 2.

b. 4.

c. 6

D. 8.

8 grams of protein

Problem with this question; normally you add an additional 10 grams for pregnancy. 15g for nursing/breast feeding. Therefore there is no exact answer so you pick the net best one-- which is 8 grams.

Public Health Programs: The School lunch program is expected to provide at least what % of RDA for each meal:

a. 1/4.

B. 1/3.

c. 100%.

d. no equivalent

1/3

An infant who is formula fed and is growing at a normal rate has a hemoglobin level of 10.5g/dl. The RD/DTR should first determine:

A. The type of formula the infant is receiving.

b. How much formula the infant is receiving.

c. How the formula is being prepared.

d. How often the infant receives the formula.

The type of formula the infant is receiving.

A normal hemoglobin level is between 12-18 g/dl. This baby is low which indicates anemia, protein-calorie malnutrition, pernicious anemia, and folate deficiency. Examples of types of formula include EnfaCara Lipil, 22kcal/fl oz, versus Similac 24 kcal/fl oz.

Your client is a 21 yr old low income female with a 3 yr old son. She is looking for information about nutrition to help feed her son a healthy diet. The best program to refer her to for nutrition information is:

a. WIC.

B. Expanded food and education program.

c. Liquor store.

d. EPA.

Expanded food and education program.

EFNEP- Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program: assisted limited resource people in acquiring the knowledge skills and changed behavior necessary for nutritionally sound diets. WIC does not do this but does provide federal grants for supplementation for foods and health care referrals.

The most common form of anemia in children is:

a. Vitamin B12

B. Iron.

c. Folate

d. Potassium

Iron.

General risk factors for anemia in infants and children: up to 20% of American children and 80% of children in developing countries become anemic at some point during their childhood and adolescence. Iron deficiency is the most common cause in children.

The elevated need for folate in the pregnant woman is due to:

a. GERD.

B. Cell Division.

c. Clay.

d. Low BMI.

Cell Division.

Cravings for non-food items such as dirt, clay, or ice during pregnancy may indicate.

A. Low iron levels.

b. High vitamin B levels.

c. High Iron levels.

d. High potassium levels.

Low iron levels.

This illness is called PICA, where a woman eats non-food items.

An appropriate menu for toddlers would be:

A. Baked chicken legs, diced potatoes, carrots, peaches and milk.

b. Chicken fingers, French fries, green beans, grapes and milk.

c. Toast and fruit cocktail.

d. Chicken pot pie, mashed potatoes and peaches.

Baked chicken legs, diced potatoes, carrots, peaches and milk.

According to the American Academy of pediatrics, infants may begin eating solid foods how many months following birth?

a. 1-3.

B. 4-6.

c. 7-9.

d. 10-12.

4-6 months

A woman gains 15# during the first 32 weeks of pregnancy before the weight gain can be assessed, the DT must calculate the:

a. % weight gain.

b. % usual body weight.

C. Pre-pregnancy BMI.

d. Pre-pregnancy basal energy expenditure.

Pre-pregnancy BMI.

Average daily intake of folate for pregnant woman: 200 micrograms. How many additional micrograms does she need to meet the DRI?

a. 150.

B. 200.

c. 300.

d. 400.

200 micrograms

600-200= 400

You are conducting a study to evaluate the effects of a high fat diet on blood triglyceride levels of obese women. Which of the following is the independent variable?

a. Triglyceride levels.

b. Obese women.

C. High fat diet.

d. None.

High fat diet.

The independent variable is the manipulated variable which influences other variables. Independent variable= cause= High fat diet. Dependent variable = effect= high triglyceride levels. Independent= the one that Influences.

Which method would be best to stimulate an employee's desire to improve quality?

a. Present a quality management program to staff.

b. Delegate responsibility issues to a staff member.

c. continue to use quality program from previous year.

D. Involve all staff in quality related issues.

Involve all staff in quality related issues.

The patient census in the pediatrics dept varies daily. The most economical way to provide high-calorie supplements at all times is to:

a. Deliver a variety of supplements so children have choice.

B. Provide cans of standard feedings for nurses as needed.

c. Prepared fruit flavored supplements daily.

d. Prepare and deliver individual supplements as ordered.

Provide cans of standard feeding for nurses as needed.

The estimated weekly food cost per patient day is $0.50 per patient over the budget. What can be done to bring this cost back into line with the budget?

A. Revise the menu where necessary.

b. Increase use of convenience foods.

c Reduce number of nourishment's.

d. Reduce labor cost.

Revise the menu where necessary.

One week after starting work, a new employee informs the supervising dietetic technician that she is 3 months pregnant. The technician should:

a. Let her go.

b. Help with her pregnancy.

C. Take no action.

d. Reschedule her.

Take no action.

An employee has been continuously extending break times. The RD/DTR first step would be:

a. Take no action.

B. Counsel the employee and confront the problem.

c. Report them to the HR dept.

d. Let the supervisor know.

Counsel the employee and confront the problem.

An RD raises the problem of the department not being informed when patients have pressure sores. What is the most effective way to improve this situation immediately?

a. Ask nursing staff to distribute a weekly pressure sore audit sheet to all departments involved.

B. Participate 2x weekly in meetings to assess pressure sores.

c. Do nothing.

d. Yell at the nurses.

Participate 2x weekly in meetings to assess pressure sores.

Which of the following performance standards would be the most difficult to accurately measure?

a. Quality and quantity of work.

b. Accuracy of work.

C. Responsiveness to patient or client needs.

d. Cooperation with other personnel

Responsiveness to patient or client needs.

A RD/DTR is asked to present a program at a congregate meals site, the importance of a low fat, low cholesterol diet. The most effective method would be:

A. A game that identifies high cholesterol, high fat foods.

b. A movie that shows the effects of a high fat diet.

c. Slide program on the preparation of meals low in fat and cholesterol.

d. Lecture on high cholesterol foods.

A game that identifies high cholesterol, high fat foods.