Network + 1.0

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6)

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

(1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model) Primary architectual model for networks. It describes how data and network information are communicated from an application on one computer.

(Layer 1) Physical Layer

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6) Responsible for taking 1s and 0s and encoding them into a digital signal for the transmission on the network segment.

(Layer 2) Data Link

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6) Provides the physical transmission of the data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control, meaning it ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device on an LAN using hardware (MAC) addresses and translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer to transmit. (Reread Pages 50-51)

LLC Layer

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6) Sublayer of data center that is responsible primarily for the multiplexing of network layer protocols.

MAC Layer

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6) Sublayer of data layer that responsible for physical addressing and determining the appropriate time to place data on the network

(Layer 3) Network Layer

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6) Manages logical device addressing, tracks the location of devices on the network, and determines the best way to move data. Must transport traffic between devices that aren’t locally attached. (Look back at pages (48-49))

(Layer 4) Transport Layer

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6) Segments and reassembles data into a data stream. Service in layer handle data from upper-layer applications and unite it into the same data stream. Provide end-to-end data transport services and can establish a logical connection between the sending host and destination host on the internetwork. Provides the mechanisms for multiplexing upper-layer applications, establishing virtual connections, and tearing down virtual circuits. Hides the many and sundry details of any network-dependent information from higher layers, facilitating data transfer.

(Layer 5) Session

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6) Responsible for setting up, managing, and then tearing down sessions between Presentation layer entities. Also provides dialogue control between devices, or nodes. Coordinates communication between systems and serves to organize their communication by offering three different nodes: one direction (simplex); both directions, but only one direction at a time (half-duplex), and bidirectional (full-duplex). Keeps an applications data separate from other applications data.

(Layer 6) Presentation

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6) Presents data to the Application layer and is responsible for data translation and code formatting.

(Layer 7) Application Layer

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model (Chapters 2,6) Chooses and determines the availability of communicating partners along with the resources necessary to make their required connections. Coordinates partnering applications and forms a consensus on procedures for controlling data integrity and error recovery. Also responsible for identifying and establishing the availability of the intended communication partner and determining whether sufficient resources for the requested communication exist.

1.2 Compare and Contrast networking appliances, applications, and Functions (Chapter 10)

1.3 Summarize Cloud Concepts and Connectivity Options (Chapter 17)

1.4 Explain common networking ports, protocols, services, and traffic types (Chapter 6, Chapter 8)

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Wired

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Single-Mode vs multimode fiber

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Direct attach Copper

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

(DAC) cable

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Twinaxial cable

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Coaxial cable

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Cable Speeds

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Plenum vs. non-plenum cable

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Transceivers

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Protocol

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Ethernet

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Fibre Channel (FC)

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Form factors

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Small form-factor pluggable (SFP)

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Quad small form-factor pluggable (QSFP)

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Connector types

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Subscriber Connector (SC)

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Local Connector (LC)

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Straight tip (ST)

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Multi-fiber push on (MPO)

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Registered jack (RJ)11

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

RJ45

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

F-Type

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC)

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Domain 5.0

1.5 Compare and Contrast transmission media and transceivers (Chapter 3, 4, and 12)

Local Area Network (LAN)

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Restricted to spanning a specific geographical area, such as an office building, a single department within a corporate office, or even a home office.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) A network covering a metropolitan area used to interconnect various buildings and facilities usually over a carrier provider network. Offer high-speed interconnections using in-ground fiber optics and can be very cost effective for high-speed interconnects.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Differ from LANs

• Need a router port of ports

• Span larger geographic areas and/or can link disparate locations.

• Are usually slower

• Can choose when and how long to connect to this.

• Can utilize wither private or public data transport media such as phone lines.

Personal Area Network (PAN)

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Used to collaborate and send data between devices. Is more used with short distance wireless connections such as Bluetooth, Infrared, or ZigBee. Intended for close proximity between devices such as connecting to a projector, printer or a co-workers computer and extend usually only a few meters.

Campus Area Network (CAN)

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Covers a limited geographical network such as a college or corporate campus. Interconnects LANs in various buildings and offers a Wi-Fi component for roaming users. Most offer Internet connectivity as well as access to data center resources.

Storage Area Network (SAN)

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Designed for, and used exclusively by, storage systems. Interconnect servers to storage arrays containing centeralized banks of hard drive or similar storage media. Are usually found in data centers and do not mix traffic with other LANs.

Software-Defined Wide Area (SDWAN)

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) A virtual WAN architecture that uses software to manage connectivity, devices, and services and can make changes in the network based on current operations. Integrate any type of transport architectures such as MPLS, LTE, and broadband Internet services to securely connect users to applications. Controller can make changes in real time to add or remove bandwidth or route around failed circuits. Can simplify wide area networking management and operations by decoupling the networking hardware from its control mechanism.

Peer-to-Peer Network

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Network Architecture where computers do not have any central or special authority - they’re all peers, meaning they all have equal authority

Client-Server Networks

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Network Architecture where a single server uses a network operating system for managing the whole network.

Bus Topology

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Topology that consists of two distinct and terminated ends, with each of its computers connecting to one unbroken cable running its entire length.

Mesh Topology

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) There is a path from every machine to every other one in the network

Hybrid Topology

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Combination of two or more types of physical or logical network topologies working together within the same network.

Star/hub and spoke Topology

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Are connected to a central point with their own individual cables or wireless connections.

Ring Topology

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Each computer is directly connected to other computers within the same network.

Spine and leaf

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Provides extremely fast networking switching, and it is almost exclusively used in data center network architecture. Create a very fast and redundant backbone (spline) that is used only to connect to leaf switches. Leaf switches in turn connect the hosts (servers) in the data center. Leaf switch will never connect to another leaf switch and it will always talk through the backbone or spine of the network.

Point to Point Topology

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) A direct connection between two routers or switches, giving you one communication path. Routers in topology can be linked by a serial cable, making it a physical network, or if they’re located far apart and connected only via a circuit within a Frame Relay or MPLS network, it’s a logical network instead.

Point-to-Multipoint Topology

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Consists of a succession of connections between an interface on one router and multiple destination routers - one point of connection to multiple points of connection. Each router and every one of their interfaces involved in this connection are part of the same network.

Three-tier Hierarchical model

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Core, Distribution, Access Layer

Core Layer

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Considered backbone of the network. Where you find connectivity between geographic areas with WAN lines. Should be designed for high availability and only provides routing and switching on the entire network.

Distribution Layer

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Often referred to as the workgroup layer or the aggregation layer because it allows for connectivity to multiple access layer switches. This layer is where the control plane is located and is where packet filtering, security policies, routing between VLANs, and defining of broadcast domains are performed. Distribution of switching from the core to the access layer.

Access Layer

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Often referred to as the edge switching layer, and it connects the end-user hosts. Provides local switching and the creation of collision domains. Designed for access to the network and it is where support begins for quality of service (QoS), power over Ethernet (PoE), and security.

North-South

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Southbound traffic enters through a firewall and routers. Northbound traffic is routed from your internal network to the internet.

East-West

(1.6 Compare and Contrast network topologies, architectures, and types) Resides in the immediate network.

1.7 Given a scenario, use appropiate 1Pv4 network addressing (Chapter 7, 8)

1.8 Summarize evolving use cases for modern network environments (Chapter 7, 10, 17)