bac phys exam 2- peptidoglycan synthesis

before septum formation, chromosomes move to _____ so each daughter cell gets a chromosome

opposite poles

peptidoglycan and septum formation are

coupled

when ftsZ polymerizes, what two proteins are brought to the ring

ftsA and zipA (anchors ftsZ to membrane)

FtsI is

transpeptidase

FtsK and FtsN help with

septal ring - fstn mostly unknown

EnvC required for

septal PG cleavage

EnvA is

synthesis for lipid A

FtsK removes

chromosome dimers

which system acts to pick where the cell divides?

min system

MinCD inhibitor prevents what polymerization

FtsZ

MinE regulates

MinCD

an excess of MinCD results in what division

no division

min__ binds to cell membrane, ___ binds to that and makes _____ complex. this prevents ____ formaiton. ___ hydrolyzes complex and ____ binds to another pole

MinD, MinC, MinCD. FtsZ. MinE, MinD

exponential growth formula

X=Xo2^Y. y= number of generations

generation time formula

g = t/Y

what kind of peptide is extended from NAM

tetrapeptide

in this tetrapeptide, the amino acid 3 ____ in each species

varies

three functions of PG

can be targeted by lysozymes, can be a good antibiotic target, maintains shape of cell wall

the rigid mesh helps it resist

turgor and osmotic pressure

precursor is ____ derivatives

UDP

after amino acids are made from derivatives, amino sugars are transferred to

a lipid carrier in the membrane

after transfer to a lipid membrane, PG

polymerizes on outer surface

transpeptidases cross link the peptides for ____ strength

tensile

nag and nam are both made from

Fructose 6 phosphate

each formation reaction costs __ ATP

7

what two enzymes make d ala d

racemase and synthetase

the enzymes that make d ala d are inhibited by

cycloserine

transpeptidases and PBPs cross link peptides, which releases the ____ terminal

d ala d

autolysins open ____ so new material can be inserted

PG

lipid __ carrier PG precursors

P

lipid PP from the reaction is ____ for more _____ to carry on formation of PG

hydrolyzed, lipid P

hydrolysis of lipid PP is inhibited by

bacitracin

transpeptidation purpose and inhibitor

gives energy to make aminos cross link outside of the membrane. inhibited by penicillin

when nag and nam are transferred to the lipid carrier bactoprenol, it produces what two things

lipid I and II

controlled PG modeling permits cell

division, elongation, daughter cell separation

lps synthesis makes an outer membrane ______

glycolipid

lipid A is composed of two ___ residues

glucosamine

four ____ are attached to the glucosamine

fatty acids

lipid a anchors lps in the _____

outer membrane

lipid a uses a precursor also found in ____ synthesis called

PG, UDP-GlcNAc

the lps core projects from the ______ surface.

outer membrane

the core is a conserved region connected to lipid a via

KDO

the core grows from addition of ____ groups

hexose

addition of each sugar in the core is catalyzed by

glycosyltransferase

outer most region that has 4-6 sugar repeats

o antigen

the outer membrane gram negative prevents entry of ____ molecules

hydrophobic and large

lps main purpose is yes, toxicity, but also

constructing the gram negative outer surface and mediating extracellular interactions