Nervous System

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the nervous system, including definitions of terms, the structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and specific diseases and conditions affecting the nervous system.

Nervous system

A complex, highly organized system that coordinates all activities of the body.

Neuron

The basic structural unit of the nervous system.

Afferent Nerves

Nerves that carry messages from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord.

Efferent Nerves

Nerves that carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Consists of the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Somatic Nervous System

Carries messages between the CNS and the body.

Autonomic Nervous System

Contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Cerebrum

The largest and highest section of the brain.

Cerebellum

The section below the back of the cerebrum, responsible for coordination.

Thalamus

Acts as a relay center and directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum.

Hypothalamus

Regulates and controls the autonomic nervous system.

Medulla Oblongata

Regulates heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure.

Meninges

Three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Clear, colorless fluid that circulates between the ventricles and through the subarachnoid space.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A chronic, degenerative neuromuscular disease also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease.

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Occurs when the blood flow to the brain is impaired, resulting in a lack of oxygen.

Concussion

A traumatic brain injury that affects brain function.

Hydrocephalus

An excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A chronic, disabling condition resulting from the degeneration of the myelin sheath in the CNS.