ch 7 cells (exam review)

histology

study of microscopic structure and function of cells and the associated tissue

cell

smallest living unit of organization in the body

tissue

cells with similar characteristics of form and function grouped together

organ

various tissue types bonded together

system

organs further functioning together globally

exocytosis

active transport of material from a vesicle within the cell out into the extracellular environment

endocytosis

uptake of materials from the extracellular environment into the cell

phagocytosis

engulfing and then digesting of solid waste and foreign material by the cell through enzymatic breakdown of the material

cell membrane

protects the cell

cytoplasm

aqueous substance that holds organelles within the cell

vacuoles

cavities in the cytoplasm

organelles

metabolically active specialized structures within the cell

nucleus

dna is stored here (cell’s genetic code)

chromatin

chief nucleoprotein in nondividing nucleoplasm

chromosomes

separate concentrations of chromatin in dividing nucleus of cell

centromere

clear constricted area near the middle of the chromosome

chromatids

two filamentous daughter chromosomes joined at centromere during cell division

nucleoplasm

fluid part within the nucleus

nuclear envelope

double layered membrane similar to cell membrane

nuclear pores

pierce the nuclear envelope and act as avenues of communication between inner nucleoplasm and outer cytoplasm

nucleolus

prominent and rounded nuclear organelle that is centrally placed in the nucleoplasm when the cell is examined microscopically

mitochondria

powerhouse of a cell, energy source

ribosomes

tiny sphere-shaped organelles in the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

membrane-bound organelle with channels that is either rough or smooth

golgi complex

synthesizes lysosomes

lysosomes

are phagocytes

meiosis

cell division of gamete cells

diploid

cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent

mitosis

process of nuclear division in somatic cells

centrosome

organelle associated with centrioles

centrioles

pair of cylindrical structures in centrosome

desmosomes

intercellular junction between cells that spot welds within the structure of a tissue

hemidesmosome

attachment of a cell to an adjacent noncellular surface

what is the most common immunoglobulin production?

IgG

IgG

major immunoglobulin in blood serum and can pass placental barrier to form first passive immunity for newborn

order of cell formation

cells → tissue → organ → system

cell cycle phases

-interphase

-prophase

-metaphase

-anaphase

-telophase